feat: Implement generic database connection

[sbernauer]

Description

Part of stackabletech/issues#238
Closes #677

Definition of Done Checklist

• Not all of these items are applicable to all PRs, the author should update this template to only leave the boxes in that are relevant
• Please make sure all these things are done and tick the boxes

Author

• Changes are OpenShift compatible
• CRD changes approved
• CRD documentation for all fields, following the style guide.
• Helm chart can be installed and deployed operator works
• Integration tests passed (for non trivial changes)
• Changes need to be "offline" compatible
• Links to generated (nightly) docs added
• Release note snippet added

Reviewer

• Code contains useful comments
• Code contains useful logging statements
• (Integration-)Test cases added
• Documentation added or updated. Follows the style guide.
• Changelog updated
• Cargo.toml only contains references to git tags (not specific commits or branches)

Acceptance

• Feature Tracker has been updated
• Proper release label has been added
• Links to generated (nightly) docs added
• Release note snippet added
• Add type/deprecation label & add to the deprecation schedule
• Add type/experimental label & add to the experimental features tracker

[sbernauer]

Started https://testing.stackable.tech/view/02%20Operator%20Tests%20(custom)/job/hive-operator-it-custom/44/

[sbernauer]

Started https://testing.stackable.tech/view/02%20Operator%20Tests%20(custom)/job/hive-operator-it-custom/49/

[sbernauer]

https://testing.stackable.tech/view/02%20Operator%20Tests%20(custom)/job/hive-operator-it-custom/50 passed 🚀