build: replace DeepSource with a stricter, pinned golangci-lint - #341

Node.js 20 is deprecated. The following actions target Node.js 20 but are being forced to run on Node.js 24: arduino/setup-protoc@v3.0.0. For more information see: https://github.blog/changelog/2025-09-19-deprecation-of-node-20-on-github-actions-runners/