Fix typos and grammar in documentation

.github/SECURITY.md

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 
 To report sensitive vulnerability information, please use the [Tidelift security contact](https://tidelift.com/security). Tidelift will coordinate the fix and disclosure.
 
-If your organisation/employer is a distributor of Pillow and would like advance notification of security-related bugs, please let us know your preferred contact method.
+If your organization/employer is a distributor of Pillow and would like advance notification of security-related bugs, please let us know your preferred contact method.

docs/deprecations.rst

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Image.Image.get_child_images()
 
 .. deprecated:: 11.2.1
 
-``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated. and will be removed in Pillow
+``Image.Image.get_child_images()`` has been deprecated and will be removed in Pillow
 13 (2026-10-15). It will be moved to ``ImageFile.ImageFile.get_child_images()``. The
 method uses an image's file pointer, and so child images could only be retrieved from
 an :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile` instance.
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ Image._showxv
 .. deprecated:: 7.2.0
 .. versionremoved:: 9.0.0
 
-Use :py:meth:`.Image.Image.show` instead. If custom behaviour is required, use
+Use :py:meth:`.Image.Image.show` instead. If custom behavior is required, use
 :py:func:`.ImageShow.register` to add a custom :py:class:`.ImageShow.Viewer` class.
 
 ImageFile.raise_ioerror
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ PyQt4 and PySide
 Qt 4 reached end-of-life on 2015-12-19. Its Python bindings are also EOL: PyQt4 since
 2018-08-31 and PySide since 2015-10-14.
 
-Support for PyQt4 and PySide has been removed  from ``ImageQt``. Please upgrade to PyQt5
+Support for PyQt4 and PySide has been removed from ``ImageQt``. Please upgrade to PyQt5
 or PySide2.
 
 Setting the size of TIFF images

docs/handbook/concepts.rst

@@ -173,9 +173,9 @@ pixel, the Python Imaging Library provides different resampling *filters*.
 .. data:: Resampling.BOX
     :noindex:
 
-    Each pixel of source image contributes to one pixel of the
+    Each pixel of the source image contributes to one pixel of the
     destination image with identical weights.
-    For upscaling is equivalent of :data:`Resampling.NEAREST`.
+    For upscaling, it is equivalent to :data:`Resampling.NEAREST`.
     This filter can only be used with the :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.resize`
     and :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.thumbnail` methods.
 
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ pixel, the Python Imaging Library provides different resampling *filters*.
 .. data:: Resampling.BILINEAR
     :noindex:
 
-    For resize calculate the output pixel value using linear interpolation
+    For resize, calculates the output pixel value using linear interpolation
     on all pixels that may contribute to the output value.
     For other transformations linear interpolation over a 2x2 environment
     in the input image is used.
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ pixel, the Python Imaging Library provides different resampling *filters*.
 .. data:: Resampling.BICUBIC
     :noindex:
 
-    For resize calculate the output pixel value using cubic interpolation
+    For resize, calculates the output pixel value using cubic interpolation
     on all pixels that may contribute to the output value.
     For other transformations cubic interpolation over a 4x4 environment
     in the input image is used.

docs/handbook/image-file-formats.rst

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ Loading
 ~~~~~~~
 
 To use Ghostscript, Pillow searches for the "gs" executable. On Windows, it
-also searches for "gswin32c" and "gswin64c". To customise this behaviour,
+also searches for "gswin32c" and "gswin64c". To customize this behavior,
 ``EpsImagePlugin.gs_binary = "gswin64"`` will set the name of the executable to
 use. ``EpsImagePlugin.gs_binary = False`` will prevent Ghostscript use.
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ method with the following parameters to affect how Ghostscript renders the EPS.
 
 **transparency**
     If true, generates an RGBA image with a transparent background, instead of
-    the default behaviour of an RGB image with a white background.
+    the default behavior of an RGB image with a white background.
 
 
 GIF
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ images. Seeking to later frames in a ``P`` image will change the image to
 ``P`` mode images are changed to ``RGB`` because each frame of a GIF may contain
 its own individual palette of up to 256 colors. When a new frame is placed onto a
 previous frame, those colors may combine to exceed the ``P`` mode limit of 256
-colors. Instead, the image is converted to ``RGB`` handle this.
+colors. Instead, the image is converted to ``RGB`` to handle this.
 
 If you would prefer the first ``P`` image frame to be ``RGB`` as well, so that
 every ``P`` frame is converted to ``RGB`` or ``RGBA`` mode, there is a setting
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ following options are available::
 **palette**
     Use the specified palette for the saved image. The palette should
     be a bytes or bytearray object containing the palette entries in
-    RGBRGB... form. It should be no more than 768 bytes. Alternately,
+    RGBRGB... form. It should be no more than 768 bytes. Alternatively,
     the palette can be passed in as an
     :py:class:`PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette` object.
 
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ Saving
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method supports the following options:
 
 **sizes**
-    A list of sizes including in this ico file; these are a 2-tuple,
+    A list of sizes included in this ico file; these are a 2-tuple,
     ``(width, height)``; Default to ``[(16, 16), (24, 24), (32, 32), (48, 48),
     (64, 64), (128, 128), (256, 256)]``. Any sizes bigger than the original
     size or 256 will be ignored.
@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.save` method can take the following keyword argum
     .. versionadded:: 6.1.0
 
     Added support for signed types (e.g. ``TIFF_SIGNED_LONG``) and multiple values.
-    Multiple values for a single tag must be to
+    Multiple values for a single tag must be passed to
     :py:class:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2` as a tuple and
     require a matching type in
     :py:attr:`~PIL.TiffImagePlugin.ImageFileDirectory_v2.tagtype` tagtype.
@@ -1445,7 +1445,7 @@ will be saved, and the following options will also be available.
 **kmin, kmax**
     Minimum and maximum distance between consecutive key frames in
     the output. The library may insert some key frames as needed
-    to satisfy this criteria. Note that these conditions should
+    to satisfy these criteria. Note that these conditions should
     hold: kmax > kmin and kmin >= kmax / 2 + 1. Also, if kmax <= 0,
     then key-frame insertion is disabled; and if kmax == 1, then all
     frames will be key-frames (kmin value does not matter for these

docs/handbook/overview.rst

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ disk, and calls an external display utility.
 Image processing
 ----------------
 
-The library contains basic image processing functionality, including point operations, filtering with a set of built-in convolution kernels, and colour space conversions.
+The library contains basic image processing functionality, including point operations, filtering with a set of built-in convolution kernels, and color space conversions.
 
 The library also supports image resizing, rotation and arbitrary affine transforms.
 

docs/handbook/tutorial.rst

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ RGBA image and also using it as the mask would paste the opaque portion
 of the image but not its transparent background.
 
 The Python Imaging Library also allows you to work with the individual bands of
-an multi-band image, such as an RGB image. The split method creates a set of
+a multi-band image, such as an RGB image. The split method creates a set of
 new images, each containing one band from the original multi-band image. The
 merge function takes a mode and a tuple of images, and combines them into a new
 image. The following sample swaps the three bands of an RGB image:
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ speed is usually more important than quality) and printing to a monochrome
 laser printer (when only a grayscale version of the image is needed).
 
 The :py:meth:`~PIL.Image.Image.draft` method manipulates an opened but not yet
-loaded image so it as closely as possible matches the given mode and size. This
+loaded image so that it matches the given mode and size as closely as possible. This
 is done by reconfiguring the image decoder.
 
 Reading in draft mode

docs/handbook/writing-your-own-image-plugin.rst

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Pillow decodes files in two stages:
 
 An image plugin should contain a format handler derived from the
 :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.ImageFile` base class. This class should provide an
-``_open`` method, which reads the file header and set at least the internal
+``_open`` method, which reads the file header and sets at least the internal
 ``_size`` and ``_mode`` attributes so that :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.mode` and
 :py:attr:`~PIL.Image.Image.size` are populated. To be able to load the file,
 the method must also create a list of ``tile`` descriptors, which contain a
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ table describes some commonly used **raw modes**:
 +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
 | ``P``     | 8-bit palette-mapped image.                                       |
 +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``RGB``   | 24-bit true colour, stored as (red, green, blue).                 |
+| ``RGB``   | 24-bit true color, stored as (red, green, blue).                 |
 +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``BGR``   | 24-bit true colour, stored as (blue, green, red).                 |
+| ``BGR``   | 24-bit true color, stored as (blue, green, red).                 |
 +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``RGBX``  | | 24-bit true colour, stored as (red, green, blue, pad). The pad  |
+| ``RGBX``  | | 24-bit true color, stored as (red, green, blue, pad). The pad  |
 |           | | pixels may vary.                                                |
 +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
-| ``RGB;L`` | | 24-bit true colour, line interleaved (first all red pixels, then|
+| ``RGB;L`` | | 24-bit true color, line interleaved (first all red pixels, then|
 |           | | all green pixels, finally all blue pixels).                     |
 +-----------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ state structure, and a buffer of data to be transformed.
 It is the codec's responsibility to pull as much data as possible out of the
 buffer and return the number of bytes consumed. The next call to the codec will
 include the previous unconsumed tail. The codec function will be called
-multiple times as the data processed.
+multiple times as the data is processed.
 
 Alternatively, if ``pulls_fd`` or ``pushes_fd`` is set, then the decode or
 encode function is called once, with an empty buffer. It is the codec's
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ Python-based file codec:
    ``_pushes_fd`` property) is set to ``True``, then ``decode`` and ``encode``
    will only be called once. In the decoder, ``self.fd`` can be used to access
    the file-like object. Using this will provide a codec with more freedom, but
-   that freedom may mean increased memory usage if entire file is held in
+   that freedom may mean increased memory usage if the entire file is held in
    memory at once by the codec.
 
    In ``decode``, once the data has been interpreted, ``set_as_raw`` can be
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ Python-based file codec:
    is complete. This can be used to clean up any resources used by the codec.
 
    If you set ``_pulls_fd`` or ``_pushes_fd`` to ``True`` however, then you
-   probably chose to perform any cleanup tasks  at the end of ``decode`` or
+   probably chose to perform any cleanup tasks at the end of ``decode`` or
    ``encode``.
 
 For an example :py:class:`PIL.ImageFile.PyDecoder`, see `DdsImagePlugin

docs/reference/ExifTags.rst

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ EXIF tags.
     >>> IFD.Exif.value
     34665
     >>> IFD(34665).name
-    'Exif
+    'Exif'
 
 .. py:data:: LightSource
 

docs/reference/Image.rst

@@ -222,15 +222,15 @@ This resizes the given image from ``(width, height)`` to ``(width/2, height/2)``
 
 .. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.rotate
 
-This rotates the input image by ``theta`` degrees counter clockwise::
+This rotates the input image by ``theta`` degrees counterclockwise::
 
     from PIL import Image
 
     with Image.open("hopper.jpg") as im:
 
-        # Rotate the image by 60 degrees counter clockwise
+        # Rotate the image by 60 degrees counterclockwise
         theta = 60
-        # Angle is in degrees counter clockwise
+        # Angle is in degrees counterclockwise
         im_rotated = im.rotate(angle=theta)
 
 .. automethod:: PIL.Image.Image.save
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ Instances of the :py:class:`Image` class have the following attributes:
 
     The filename or path of the source file. Only images created with the
     factory function ``open`` have a filename attribute. If the input is a
-    file like object, the filename attribute is set to an empty string.
+    file-like object, the filename attribute is set to an empty string.
 
 .. py:attribute:: Image.format
     :type: Optional[str]
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ Instances of the :py:class:`Image` class have the following attributes:
 .. py:attribute:: Image.palette
     :type: Optional[PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette]
 
-    Colour palette table, if any. If mode is "P" or "PA", this should be an
+    Color palette table, if any. If mode is "P" or "PA", this should be an
     instance of the :py:class:`~PIL.ImagePalette.ImagePalette` class.
     Otherwise, it should be set to :data:`None`.
 
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ Instances of the :py:class:`Image` class have the following attributes:
     Plugins may leave this attribute undefined if they don't support loading
     animated images, even if the given format supports animated images.
 
-    Given that this attribute is not present for all images use
+    Given that this attribute is not present for all images, use
     ``getattr(image, "is_animated", False)`` to check if Pillow is aware of multiple
     frames in an image regardless of its format.
 
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ Instances of the :py:class:`Image` class have the following attributes:
     Plugins may leave this attribute undefined if they don't support loading
     animated images, even if the given format supports animated images.
 
-    Given that this attribute is not present for all images use
+    Given that this attribute is not present for all images, use
     ``getattr(image, "n_frames", 1)`` to check the number of frames that Pillow is
     aware of in an image regardless of its format.
 

docs/reference/ImageChops.rst

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ At this time, most channel operations are only implemented for 8-bit images
 Functions
 ---------
 
-Most channel operations take one or two image arguments and returns a new
+Most channel operations take one or two image arguments and return a new
 image. Unless otherwise noted, the result of a channel operation is always
 clipped to the range 0 to MAX (which is 255 for all modes supported by the
 operations in this module).

docs/reference/ImageCms.rst

@@ -221,10 +221,10 @@ can be easily displayed in a chromaticity diagram, for example).
 
         The value is in the format ``((x, y, Y), (x, y, Y), (x, y, Y))``, if available.
 
-    .. py:attribute:: chromatic_adaption
+    .. py:attribute:: chromatic_adaptation
         :type: tuple[tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]], tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]]] | None
 
-        The chromatic adaption matrix converts a color measured using the
+        The chromatic adaptation matrix converts a color measured using the
         actual illumination conditions and relative to the actual adopted
         white, to a color relative to the PCS adopted white, with
         complete adaptation from the actual adopted white chromaticity to
@@ -316,21 +316,21 @@ can be easily displayed in a chromaticity diagram, for example).
     .. py:attribute:: red_primary
         :type: tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]] | None
 
-        The XYZ-transformed of the RGB primary color red (1, 0, 0).
+        The XYZ-transform of the RGB primary color red (1, 0, 0).
 
         The value is in the format ``((X, Y, Z), (x, y, Y))``, if available.
 
     .. py:attribute:: green_primary
         :type: tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]] | None
 
-        The XYZ-transformed of the RGB primary color green (0, 1, 0).
+        The XYZ-transform of the RGB primary color green (0, 1, 0).
 
         The value is in the format ``((X, Y, Z), (x, y, Y))``, if available.
 
     .. py:attribute:: blue_primary
         :type: tuple[tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]] | None
 
-        The XYZ-transformed of the RGB primary color blue (0, 0, 1).
+        The XYZ-transform of the RGB primary color blue (0, 0, 1).
 
         The value is in the format ``((X, Y, Z), (x, y, Y))``, if available.
 

docs/reference/ImageColor.rst

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ The ImageColor module supports the following string formats:
 
 * Common HTML color names. The :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageColor` module provides some
   140 standard color names, based on the colors supported by the X Window
-  system and most web browsers. color names are case insensitive. For example,
+  system and most web browsers. Color names are case insensitive. For example,
   ``red`` and ``Red`` both specify pure red.
 
 Functions

docs/reference/ImageDraw.rst

@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ contains font metrics, the latter raster data.
 To load a bitmap font, use the load functions in the :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageFont`
 module.
 
-To load a OpenType/TrueType font, use the truetype function in the
+To load an OpenType/TrueType font, use the truetype function in the
 :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageFont` module. Note that this function depends on third-party
-libraries, and may not available in all PIL builds.
+libraries, and may not be available in all PIL builds.
 
 Example: Draw partial opacity text
 ----------------------------------
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Methods
 
 .. py:method:: ImageDraw.circle(xy, radius, fill=None, outline=None, width=1)
 
-    Draws a circle with a given radius centering on a point.
+    Draws a circle with a given radius centered on a point.
 
     .. versionadded:: 10.4.0
 

docs/reference/ImageEnhance.rst

@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ method:
 
     Adjust image color balance.
 
-    This class can be used to adjust the colour balance of an image, in a
-    manner similar to the controls on a colour TV set. An
+    This class can be used to adjust the color balance of an image, in a
+    manner similar to the controls on a color TV set. An
     :ref:`enhancement factor <enhancement-factor>` of 0.0 gives a black and
     white image. A factor of 1.0 gives the original image.
 

docs/reference/ImageFilter.rst

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 =================================
 
 The :py:mod:`~PIL.ImageFilter` module contains definitions for a pre-defined set of
-filters, which can be be used with the :py:meth:`Image.filter()
+filters, which can be used with the :py:meth:`Image.filter()
 <PIL.Image.Image.filter>` method.
 
 Example: Filter an image

docs/reference/ImageGrab.rst

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ or the clipboard to a PIL image memory.
 
     On Linux, if ``xdisplay`` is ``None`` and the default X11 display does not return
     a snapshot of the screen, ``gnome-screenshot``, ``grim`` or ``spectacle`` will be
-    used as a fallback if they are installed. To disable this behaviour, pass
+    used as a fallback if they are installed. To disable this behavior, pass
     ``xdisplay=""`` instead.
 
     .. versionadded:: 1.1.3 Windows support

docs/reference/ImageMorph.rst

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ applied to 1 or L mode images::
 
 .. _morphology: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_morphology
 
-In addition to applying operators, you can also analyse images.
+In addition to applying operators, you can also analyze images.
 
 You can inspect an image in isolation to determine which pixels are non-empty::
 

docs/reference/PixelAccess.rst

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Access using negative indexes is also possible. ::
 
         :param xy: The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y).
         :returns: a pixel value for single band images, a tuple of
-                  pixel values for multiband images.
+                  pixel values for multi-band images.
 
   .. method:: __setitem__(self, xy: tuple[int, int], color: float | tuple[int, ...]) -> None