Provide an error message from Open api description

src/Kiota.Builder/CodeDOM/CodeMethod.cs

@@ -42,7 +42,11 @@ public enum CodeMethodKind
     /// <summary>
     /// The override for the error message for the error/exception type.
     /// </summary>
-    ErrorMessageOverride
+    ErrorMessageOverride,
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Factory method for error classes that accepts an error message parameter.
+    /// </summary>
+    FactoryWithErrorMessage,
 }
 public enum HttpMethod
 {
@@ -254,6 +258,7 @@ public void DeduplicateErrorMappings()
     public bool HasUrlTemplateOverride => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(UrlTemplateOverride);
 
     private ConcurrentDictionary<string, CodeTypeBase> errorMappings = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+    private ConcurrentDictionary<string, string> errorDescriptions = new(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
 
     /// <summary>
     /// Mapping of the error code and response types for this method.
@@ -265,6 +270,17 @@ public IOrderedEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, CodeTypeBase>> ErrorMappings
             return errorMappings.OrderBy(static x => x.Key);
         }
     }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Mapping of the error code and response descriptions from OpenAPI spec for this method.
+    /// </summary>
+    public IOrderedEnumerable<KeyValuePair<string, string>> ErrorDescriptions
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            return errorDescriptions.OrderBy(static x => x.Key, StringComparer.Ordinal);
+        }
+    }
     public bool HasErrorMappingCode(string code)
     {
         ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(code);
@@ -304,6 +320,7 @@ public object Clone()
             Parent = Parent,
             OriginalIndexer = OriginalIndexer,
             errorMappings = new(errorMappings),
+            errorDescriptions = new(errorDescriptions, StringComparer.Ordinal),
             AcceptedResponseTypes = new List<string>(AcceptedResponseTypes),
             PagingInformation = PagingInformation?.Clone() as PagingInformation,
             Documentation = (CodeDocumentation)Documentation.Clone(),
@@ -330,4 +347,20 @@ public void AddErrorMapping(string errorCode, CodeTypeBase type)
         ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(errorCode);
         errorMappings.TryAdd(errorCode, type);
     }
+
+    public void AddErrorMapping(string errorCode, CodeTypeBase type, string description)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(type);
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(errorCode);
+        errorMappings.TryAdd(errorCode, type);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(description))
+            errorDescriptions.TryAdd(errorCode, description);
+    }
+
+    public string? GetErrorDescription(string errorCode)
+    {
+        ArgumentException.ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(errorCode);
+        errorDescriptions.TryGetValue(errorCode, out var description);
+        return description;
+    }
 }

src/Kiota.Builder/CodeDOM/CodeParameter.cs

@@ -63,6 +63,10 @@ public enum CodeParameterKind
     /// This is only used for languages that use static functions for the serialization as opposed to instance methods since the OOP inheritance correctly handles that case.
     /// </summary>
     SerializingDerivedType,
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Error message parameter for error/exception class constructors and factory methods.
+    /// </summary>
+    ErrorMessage,
 }
 
 public class CodeParameter : CodeTerminalWithKind<CodeParameterKind>, ICloneable, IDocumentedElement, IDeprecableElement

src/Kiota.Builder/KiotaBuilder.cs

@@ -1292,7 +1292,7 @@ private void AddErrorMappingToExecutorMethod(OpenApiUrlTreeNode currentNode, Ope
             {
                 if (!codeClass.IsErrorDefinition)
                     codeClass.IsErrorDefinition = true;
-                executorMethod.AddErrorMapping(errorCode, errorType);
+                executorMethod.AddErrorMapping(errorCode, errorType, response.Description ?? string.Empty);
             }
             else
                 logger.LogWarning("Could not create error type for {Error} in {Operation}", errorCode, operation.OperationId);

src/Kiota.Builder/Refiners/CSharpRefiner.cs

@@ -107,6 +107,8 @@ public override Task RefineAsync(CodeNamespace generatedCode, CancellationToken
                 AbstractionsNamespaceName
             );
             AddConstructorsForDefaultValues(generatedCode, false);
+            AddConstructorsForErrorClasses(generatedCode);
+            AddMessageFactoryMethodForErrorClasses(generatedCode);
             AddDiscriminatorMappingsUsingsToParentClasses(
                 generatedCode,
                 "IParseNode"
@@ -268,4 +270,91 @@ private void SetTypeAccessModifiers(CodeElement currentElement)
 
         CrawlTree(currentElement, SetTypeAccessModifiers);
     }
+
+    private static CodeParameter CreateErrorMessageParameter(string descriptionTemplate = "The error message")
+    {
+        return new CodeParameter
+        {
+            Name = "message",
+            Type = new CodeType { Name = "string", IsExternal = true },
+            Kind = CodeParameterKind.ErrorMessage,
+            Optional = false,
+            Documentation = new()
+            {
+                DescriptionTemplate = descriptionTemplate
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static void AddConstructorsForErrorClasses(CodeElement currentElement)
+    {
+        if (currentElement is CodeClass codeClass && codeClass.IsErrorDefinition)
+        {
+            // Add parameterless constructor if not already present
+            if (!codeClass.Methods.Any(static x => x.IsOfKind(CodeMethodKind.Constructor) && !x.Parameters.Any()))
+            {
+                var parameterlessConstructor = CreateConstructor(codeClass, "Instantiates a new {TypeName} and sets the default values.");
+                codeClass.AddMethod(parameterlessConstructor);
+            }
+
+            // Add message constructor if not already present
+            if (!codeClass.Methods.Any(static x => x.IsOfKind(CodeMethodKind.Constructor) && x.Parameters.Any(static p => "string".Equals(p.Type.Name, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))))
+            {
+                var messageConstructor = CreateConstructor(codeClass, "Instantiates a new {TypeName} with the specified error message.");
+                messageConstructor.AddParameter(CreateErrorMessageParameter());
+                codeClass.AddMethod(messageConstructor);
+            }
+        }
+        CrawlTree(currentElement, AddConstructorsForErrorClasses);
+    }
+
+    private static void AddMessageFactoryMethodForErrorClasses(CodeElement currentElement)
+    {
+        const string MethodName = "CreateFromDiscriminatorValueWithMessage";
+        if (currentElement is CodeClass codeClass &&
+            codeClass.IsErrorDefinition &&
+            !codeClass.Methods.Any(m => m.Name == MethodName))
+        {
+            var method = codeClass.AddMethod(new CodeMethod
+            {
+                Name = MethodName,
+                Kind = CodeMethodKind.FactoryWithErrorMessage,
+                IsAsync = false,
+                IsStatic = true,
+                Documentation = new(new() {
+                    {"TypeName", new CodeType {
+                        IsExternal = false,
+                        TypeDefinition = codeClass,
+                    }}
+                })
+                {
+                    DescriptionTemplate = "Creates a new instance of the appropriate class based on discriminator value with a custom error message.",
+                },
+                Access = AccessModifier.Public,
+                ReturnType = new CodeType
+                {
+                    Name = codeClass.Name,
+                    TypeDefinition = codeClass,
+                },
+                Parent = codeClass,
+            }).Single();
+
+            // Add parseNode parameter
+            method.AddParameter(new CodeParameter
+            {
+                Name = "parseNode",
+                Type = new CodeType { Name = "IParseNode", IsExternal = true },
+                Kind = CodeParameterKind.ParseNode,
+                Optional = false,
+                Documentation = new()
+                {
+                    DescriptionTemplate = "The parse node to use to read the discriminator value and create the object"
+                }
+            });
+
+            // Add message parameter
+            method.AddParameter(CreateErrorMessageParameter("The error message to set on the created object"));
+        }
+        CrawlTree(currentElement, AddMessageFactoryMethodForErrorClasses);
+    }
 }

src/Kiota.Builder/Refiners/CommonLanguageRefiner.cs

@@ -243,28 +243,36 @@ protected static void AddConstructorsForDefaultValues(CodeElement current, bool
             currentClass.Properties.Any(static x => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(x.DefaultValue)) ||
             addIfInherited && DoesAnyParentHaveAPropertyWithDefaultValue(currentClass)) &&
             !currentClass.Methods.Any(x => x.IsOfKind(CodeMethodKind.ClientConstructor)))
-            currentClass.AddMethod(new CodeMethod
-            {
-                Name = "constructor",
-                Kind = CodeMethodKind.Constructor,
-                ReturnType = new CodeType
-                {
-                    Name = "void"
-                },
-                IsAsync = false,
-                Documentation = new(new() {
-                    { "TypeName", new CodeType() {
-                        IsExternal = false,
-                        TypeDefinition = current,
-                    }}
-                })
-                {
-                    DescriptionTemplate = "Instantiates a new {TypeName} and sets the default values.",
-                },
-            });
+            currentClass.AddMethod(CreateConstructor(currentClass, "Instantiates a new {TypeName} and sets the default values."));
         CrawlTree(current, x => AddConstructorsForDefaultValues(x, addIfInherited, forceAdd, classKindsToExclude));
     }
 
+    protected static CodeMethod CreateConstructor(CodeClass parentClass, string descriptionTemplate, AccessModifier access = AccessModifier.Public)
+    {
+        return new CodeMethod
+        {
+            Name = "constructor",
+            Kind = CodeMethodKind.Constructor,
+            ReturnType = new CodeType
+            {
+                Name = "void",
+                IsExternal = true
+            },
+            IsAsync = false,
+            IsStatic = false,
+            Access = access,
+            Documentation = new(new() {
+                { "TypeName", new CodeType() {
+                    IsExternal = false,
+                    TypeDefinition = parentClass,
+                }}
+            })
+            {
+                DescriptionTemplate = descriptionTemplate,
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
     protected static void ReplaceReservedModelTypes(CodeElement current, IReservedNamesProvider provider, Func<string, string> replacement) =>
         ReplaceReservedNames(current,
             provider,

src/Kiota.Builder/Writers/CSharp/CodeMethodWriter.cs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 using Kiota.Builder.OrderComparers;
 
 namespace Kiota.Builder.Writers.CSharp;
+
 public class CodeMethodWriter : BaseElementWriter<CodeMethod, CSharpConventionService>
 {
     public CodeMethodWriter(CSharpConventionService conventionService) : base(conventionService)
@@ -203,6 +204,11 @@ private void WriteFactoryMethodBody(CodeMethod codeElement, CodeClass parentClas
             WriteFactoryMethodBodyForUnionModel(codeElement, parentClass, parseNodeParameter, writer);
         else if (parentClass.DiscriminatorInformation.ShouldWriteDiscriminatorForIntersectionType)
             WriteFactoryMethodBodyForIntersectionModel(codeElement, parentClass, parseNodeParameter, writer);
+        else if (codeElement.IsOfKind(CodeMethodKind.FactoryWithErrorMessage))
+        {
+            var messageParam = codeElement.Parameters.FirstOrDefault(p => p.IsOfKind(CodeParameterKind.ErrorMessage)) ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"FactoryWithErrorMessage should have a message parameter");
+            writer.WriteLine($"return new {parentClass.GetFullName()}({messageParam.Name});");
+        }
         else
             writer.WriteLine($"return new {parentClass.GetFullName()}();");
     }
@@ -401,7 +407,19 @@ protected void WriteRequestExecutorBody(CodeMethod codeElement, RequestParams re
             writer.StartBlock();
             foreach (var errorMapping in codeElement.ErrorMappings.Where(errorMapping => errorMapping.Value.AllTypes.FirstOrDefault()?.TypeDefinition is CodeClass))
             {
-                writer.WriteLine($"{{ \"{errorMapping.Key.ToUpperInvariant()}\", {conventions.GetTypeString(errorMapping.Value, codeElement, false)}.CreateFromDiscriminatorValue }},");
+                var typeName = conventions.GetTypeString(errorMapping.Value, codeElement, false);
+                if (errorMapping.Value.AllTypes.FirstOrDefault()?.TypeDefinition is CodeClass { IsErrorDefinition: true } errorClass)
+                {
+                    var errorDescription = codeElement.GetErrorDescription(errorMapping.Key);
+                    var statusCodeAndDescription = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(errorDescription)
+                        ? $"{errorMapping.Key} {errorDescription}"
+                        : errorMapping.Key;
+                    writer.WriteLine($"{{ \"{errorMapping.Key.ToUpperInvariant()}\", (parseNode) => {typeName}.CreateFromDiscriminatorValueWithMessage(parseNode, \"{statusCodeAndDescription}\") }},");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    writer.WriteLine($"{{ \"{errorMapping.Key.ToUpperInvariant()}\", {typeName}.CreateFromDiscriminatorValue }},");
+                }
             }
             writer.CloseBlock("};");
         }
@@ -608,9 +626,16 @@ private static string GetBaseSuffix(bool isConstructor, bool inherits, CodeClass
             }
             return " : base()";
         }
+        // For error classes with message constructor, pass the message to base constructor
+        else if (isConstructor && parentClass.IsErrorDefinition &&
+                 currentMethod.Parameters.Any(p => p.IsOfKind(CodeParameterKind.ErrorMessage)))
+        {
+            return " : base(message)";
+        }
 
         return string.Empty;
     }
+
     private void WriteMethodPrototype(CodeMethod code, CodeClass parentClass, LanguageWriter writer, string returnType, bool inherits, bool isVoid)
     {
         var staticModifier = code.IsStatic ? "static " : string.Empty;

tests/Kiota.Builder.Tests/Refiners/CSharpLanguageRefinerTests.cs

@@ -961,5 +961,83 @@ public async Task SetTypeAccessModifierAsync(AccessModifier accessModifier)
         Assert.Equal(codeClass.Access, accessModifier);
         Assert.Equal(codeEnum.Access, accessModifier);
     }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task AddsMessageConstructorToErrorClasses()
+    {
+        // Given
+        var errorClass = root.AddClass(new CodeClass
+        {
+            Name = "Error401",
+            IsErrorDefinition = true
+        }).First();
+
+        // When
+        await ILanguageRefiner.RefineAsync(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.CSharp }, root);
+
+        // Then
+        var messageConstructor = errorClass.Methods
+            .FirstOrDefault(m => m.IsOfKind(CodeMethodKind.Constructor) &&
+                                m.Parameters.Any(p => p.Type.Name.Equals("string", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) && p.Name.Equals("message", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)));
+
+        Assert.NotNull(messageConstructor);
+        Assert.Single(messageConstructor.Parameters);
+        Assert.Equal("message", messageConstructor.Parameters.First().Name);
+        Assert.Equal("string", messageConstructor.Parameters.First().Type.Name);
+        Assert.False(messageConstructor.Parameters.First().Optional);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task DoesNotAddMessageConstructorToNonErrorClasses()
+    {
+        // Given
+        var regularClass = root.AddClass(new CodeClass
+        {
+            Name = "RegularModel",
+            IsErrorDefinition = false
+        }).First();
+
+        // When
+        await ILanguageRefiner.RefineAsync(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.CSharp }, root);
+
+        // Then
+        var messageConstructor = regularClass.Methods
+            .FirstOrDefault(m => m.IsOfKind(CodeMethodKind.Constructor) &&
+                                m.Parameters.Any(p => p.Type.Name.Equals("string", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) && p.Name.Equals("message", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)));
+
+        Assert.Null(messageConstructor);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task AddsMessageFactoryMethodToErrorClasses()
+    {
+        // Given
+        var errorClass = root.AddClass(new CodeClass
+        {
+            Name = "Error401",
+            IsErrorDefinition = true
+        }).First();
+
+        // When
+        await ILanguageRefiner.RefineAsync(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.CSharp }, root);
+
+        // Then
+        var messageFactoryMethod = errorClass.Methods
+            .FirstOrDefault(m => m.IsOfKind(CodeMethodKind.FactoryWithErrorMessage));
+
+        Assert.NotNull(messageFactoryMethod);
+        Assert.Equal(2, messageFactoryMethod.Parameters.Count());
+
+        var parseNodeParam = messageFactoryMethod.Parameters.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Name.Equals("parseNode", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        Assert.NotNull(parseNodeParam);
+        Assert.Equal("IParseNode", parseNodeParam.Type.Name);
+
+        var messageParam = messageFactoryMethod.Parameters.FirstOrDefault(p => p.Name.Equals("message", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
+        Assert.NotNull(messageParam);
+        Assert.Equal("string", messageParam.Type.Name);
+
+        Assert.True(messageFactoryMethod.IsStatic);
+        Assert.Equal(AccessModifier.Public, messageFactoryMethod.Access);
+    }
     #endregion
 }