From 2dc435464873095fa13ec827e1f5f8246ba68b88 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 06:57:37 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/40] Add module KernAux::Multiboot2

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/main.c        |  9 ++++++---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/main.h        |  3 +++
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c  | 13 +++++++++++++
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux.rb            |  2 ++
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb | 11 +++++++++++
 5 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
 create mode 100644 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/main.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/main.c
index 2578858d..8dddd741 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/main.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/main.c
@@ -24,11 +24,14 @@ void Init_default()
 
 #ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_CMDLINE
     init_cmdline();
-#endif // KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_CMDLINE
+#endif
+#ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_MULTIBOOT2
+    init_multiboot2();
+#endif
 #ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_NTOA
     init_ntoa();
-#endif // KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_NTOA
+#endif
 #ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_PRINTF
     init_printf();
-#endif // KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_PRINTF
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/main.h b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/main.h
index 74d21872..562dcf7a 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/main.h
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/main.h
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@ void init_assert();
 #ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_CMDLINE
 void init_cmdline();
 #endif // KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_CMDLINE
+#ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_MULTIBOOT2
+void init_multiboot2();
+#endif
 #ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_NTOA
 void init_ntoa();
 #endif // KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_NTOA
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d062b9ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "main.h"
+
+#ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_MULTIBOOT2
+
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2 = Qnil;
+
+void init_multiboot2()
+{
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2 =
+        rb_define_module_under(rb_KernAux, "Multiboot2"));
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux.rb
index 9b356c90..0a338f5f 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux.rb
@@ -17,3 +17,5 @@ module KernAux
 require_relative 'kernaux/cmdline'
 require_relative 'kernaux/errors'
 require_relative 'kernaux/ntoa'
+
+require_relative 'kernaux/multiboot2'
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e4a00da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module KernAux
+  ##
+  # Multiboot 2 utils.
+  #
+  # @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html
+  #
+  module Multiboot2
+  end
+end

From 80eb8906529cc1ba263896804e1a2adc327967ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 08:09:08 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/40] Add method KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#magic

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c  | 63 +++++++++++++++++++-
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb | 76 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index d062b9ac..8877fb80 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -1,13 +1,74 @@
 #include "main.h"
 
+#include <stddef.h>
+
 #ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_MULTIBOOT2
 
-VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2 = Qnil;
+#define RBNSMDL rb_KernAux_Multiboot2
+#define RBNS(s) rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_##s
+
+#define ENSURE_BASE_SIZE(data, Type) do { \
+    const long len = RSTRING_LEN(data);                                       \
+    if (len < 0 || (size_t)len <= sizeof(struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type)) { \
+        return Qnil;                                                          \
+    }                                                                         \
+} while (0)
+
+VALUE RBNSMDL             = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2
+VALUE RBNS(BaseSizeError) = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError
+VALUE RBNS(InvalidError)  = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::InvalidError
+VALUE RBNS(Struct)        = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Struct
+VALUE RBNS(Header)        = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header
+
+/**
+ * Return the magic field of the Multiboot 2 header.
+ *
+ * @return [nil, Integer]
+ *
+ * @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-magic-fields
+ */
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#magic
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic(VALUE self);
 
 void init_multiboot2()
 {
+    // KernAux::Multiboot2
     rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2 =
         rb_define_module_under(rb_KernAux, "Multiboot2"));
+
+    // KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_BaseSizeError =
+        rb_define_class_under(
+            rb_KernAux_Multiboot2, "BaseSizeError", rb_KernAux_Error));
+
+    // KernAux::Multiboot2::InvalidError
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_InvalidError =
+        rb_define_class_under(
+            rb_KernAux_Multiboot2, "InvalidError", rb_KernAux_Error));
+
+    // KernAux::Multiboot2::Struct
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Struct =
+        rb_define_class_under(
+            rb_KernAux_Multiboot2, "Struct", rb_cObject));
+
+    // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header =
+        rb_define_class_under(
+            rb_KernAux_Multiboot2, "Header", rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Struct));
+    rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "magic",
+                     rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic, 0);
+}
+
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#magic
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
+    const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_Header *const multiboot2_header =
+        (const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_Header*)
+        StringValuePtr(data);
+    ENSURE_BASE_SIZE(data, Header);
+    KERNAUX_CAST_CONST(unsigned long, magic, multiboot2_header->magic);
+    return ULONG2NUM(magic);
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 3e4a00da..f71b08ef 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -7,5 +7,81 @@ module KernAux
   # @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html
   #
   module Multiboot2
+    ##
+    # Raised when trying to create a Multiboot 2 structure
+    # which is shorter than even it's base.
+    #
+    # @see Struct#enough!
+    #
+    class BaseSizeError < Error; end
+
+    ##
+    # Raised when an invalid Multiboot 2 structure requested to be valid.
+    #
+    # @see Struct#valid!
+    #
+    class InvalidError < Error; end
+
+    ##
+    # The base class for any Multiboot 2 structure.
+    #
+    class Struct
+      def initialize(data)
+        @data = String data
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # Freeze the structure and it's underlying data.
+      #
+      def freeze
+        @data.freeze
+        super
+        nil
+      end
+
+      def enough?
+        raise NotImplementedError, "#{self.class}#enough?"
+      end
+
+      def valid?
+        raise NotImplementedError, "#{self.class}#valid?"
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # @raise [BaseSizeError] the structure size is too small
+      #
+      def enough!
+        raise BaseSizeError, 'The structure size is too small' unless enough?
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # @raise [BaseSizeError] the structure size is too small
+      # @raise [InvalidError] the structure is invalid
+      #
+      def valid!
+        enough!
+        raise InvalidError, 'The structure is invalid' unless valid?
+      end
+    end
+
+    ##
+    # Multiboot 2 header.
+    #
+    # @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-layout
+    #
+    class Header < Struct
+      ##
+      # Header magic number.
+      #
+      # @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-magic-fields
+      #
+      MAGIC = 0xe85250d6
+
+      def initialize(data)
+        super
+        # TODO: use some const
+        raise BaseSizeError, 'Too short base' unless @data.bytesize < 16
+      end
+    end
   end
 end

From 117ca34e3413cedb936856183ffc8dd877f4c27a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 08:21:39 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/40] Add method KernAux::Version.with_multiboot2?

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/version.c | 12 ++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/version.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/version.c
index c4507d77..0cf6b818 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/version.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/version.c
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "main.h"
 
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Version_with_cmdlineQN(VALUE self);
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Version_with_multiboot2QN(VALUE self);
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Version_with_ntoaQN(VALUE self);
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Version_with_printfQN(VALUE self);
 
@@ -13,6 +14,8 @@ void init_version()
 
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux_Version, "with_cmdline?",
                                rb_KernAux_Version_with_cmdlineQN, 0);
+    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux_Version, "with_multiboot2?",
+                               rb_KernAux_Version_with_multiboot2QN, 0);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux_Version, "with_ntoa?",
                                rb_KernAux_Version_with_ntoaQN, 0);
     rb_define_singleton_method(rb_KernAux_Version, "with_printf?",
@@ -28,6 +31,15 @@ VALUE rb_KernAux_Version_with_cmdlineQN(VALUE self)
 #endif
 }
 
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Version_with_multiboot2QN(VALUE self)
+{
+#ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_MULTIBOOT2
+    return Qtrue;
+#else
+    return Qfalse;
+#endif
+}
+
 VALUE rb_KernAux_Version_with_ntoaQN(VALUE self)
 {
 #ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_NTOA

From 4fa6c312600dcdf18dfa92c76e95a72288cb32a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 08:32:58 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/40] Improve code, fix bug, add tests

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c        | 22 ++++++++++---------
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb       |  2 +-
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 20 +++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index 8877fb80..fe551475 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -7,12 +7,17 @@
 #define RBNSMDL rb_KernAux_Multiboot2
 #define RBNS(s) rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_##s
 
-#define ENSURE_BASE_SIZE(data, Type) do { \
-    const long len = RSTRING_LEN(data);                                       \
-    if (len < 0 || (size_t)len <= sizeof(struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type)) { \
-        return Qnil;                                                          \
-    }                                                                         \
-} while (0)
+#define EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Type, name, data) \
+    const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type *const name =              \
+        (const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type*)                     \
+        StringValuePtr(data);                                         \
+    do {                                                              \
+        const long len = RSTRING_LEN(data);                           \
+        if (len < 0) return Qnil;                                     \
+        if ((size_t)len < sizeof(struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type)) { \
+            return Qnil;                                              \
+        }                                                             \
+    } while (0)
 
 VALUE RBNSMDL             = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2
 VALUE RBNS(BaseSizeError) = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError
@@ -63,10 +68,7 @@ void init_multiboot2()
 VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic(VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
-    const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_Header *const multiboot2_header =
-        (const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_Header*)
-        StringValuePtr(data);
-    ENSURE_BASE_SIZE(data, Header);
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data);
     KERNAUX_CAST_CONST(unsigned long, magic, multiboot2_header->magic);
     return ULONG2NUM(magic);
 }
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index f71b08ef..62764b0e 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class Header < Struct
       def initialize(data)
         super
         # TODO: use some const
-        raise BaseSizeError, 'Too short base' unless @data.bytesize < 16
+        raise BaseSizeError, 'Too short base' if @data.bytesize < 16
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8ac4381b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+if KernAux::Version.with_multiboot2?
+  RSpec.describe KernAux::Multiboot2::Header do
+    subject(:multiboot2_header) { described_class.new data }
+
+    let :data do
+      "\xd6\x50\x52\xe8" + "\x00" * 12
+    end
+
+    describe '#magic' do
+      subject(:magic) { multiboot2_header.magic }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+      it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
+    end
+  end
+end

From e1272a1885712d89326c645fa4e27d4a186f3432 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 08:37:48 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/40] Add method KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#arch

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c        | 21 ++++++++++++++++++-
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     |  9 +++++++-
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index fe551475..39c0d511 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -32,9 +32,17 @@ VALUE RBNS(Header)        = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header
  *
  * @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-magic-fields
  */
-// KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#magic
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic(VALUE self);
 
+/**
+ * Return the architecture field of the Multiboot 2 header.
+ *
+ * @return [nil, Integer]
+ *
+ * @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-magic-fields
+ */
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch(VALUE self);
+
 void init_multiboot2()
 {
     // KernAux::Multiboot2
@@ -62,6 +70,8 @@ void init_multiboot2()
             rb_KernAux_Multiboot2, "Header", rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Struct));
     rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "magic",
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "arch",
+                     rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch, 0);
 }
 
 // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#magic
@@ -73,4 +83,13 @@ VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic(VALUE self)
     return ULONG2NUM(magic);
 }
 
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#arch
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data);
+    KERNAUX_CAST_CONST(unsigned long, arch, multiboot2_header->arch);
+    return ULONG2NUM(arch);
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 8ac4381b..1e39b7fd 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     subject(:multiboot2_header) { described_class.new data }
 
     let :data do
-      "\xd6\x50\x52\xe8" + "\x00" * 12
+      "\xd6\x50\x52\xe8\x04\x00\x00\x00" + "\x00" * 8
     end
 
     describe '#magic' do
@@ -16,5 +16,12 @@
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
     end
+
+    describe '#arch' do
+      subject(:arch) { multiboot2_header.arch }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+      it { is_expected.to equal 4 }
+    end
   end
 end

From 85ba7eb8a2114649a88f8d7739161f33e36f19cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 08:40:55 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/40] Add method KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#arch_name

---
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb               | 11 +++++++++++
 .../ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb   |  7 +++++++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 62764b0e..0eeaff08 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -77,11 +77,22 @@ class Header < Struct
       #
       MAGIC = 0xe85250d6
 
+      ARCH = { 0 => :i386, 4 => :mips32 }.freeze
+
       def initialize(data)
         super
         # TODO: use some const
         raise BaseSizeError, 'Too short base' if @data.bytesize < 16
       end
+
+      ##
+      # Return the architecture field of the Multiboot 2 header.
+      #
+      # @return [Symbol]
+      #
+      # @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-magic-fields
+      #
+      def arch_name = ARCH[arch]
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 1e39b7fd..cb032728 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -23,5 +23,12 @@
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal 4 }
     end
+
+    describe '#arch_name' do
+      subject(:arch_name) { multiboot2_header.arch_name }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
+      it { is_expected.to equal :mips32 }
+    end
   end
 end

From 745227dcf69d5775c12f77418981e03e33a0bc4f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 08:42:40 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/40] Improve specs

---
 bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb | 5 ++++-
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index cb032728..28d77d13 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@
     subject(:multiboot2_header) { described_class.new data }
 
     let :data do
-      "\xd6\x50\x52\xe8\x04\x00\x00\x00" + "\x00" * 8
+      [magic_data, arch_data, "\x00" * 8].join.freeze
     end
 
+    let(:magic_data) { "\xd6\x50\x52\xe8" }
+    let(:arch_data)  { "\x04\x00\x00\x00" }
+
     describe '#magic' do
       subject(:magic) { multiboot2_header.magic }
 

From be00fedcf9d2c5573199d81fb37db5c653f75da3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 08:51:37 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/40] Add more tests

---
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 62 +++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 57 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 28d77d13..1e328fb0 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -7,31 +7,83 @@
     subject(:multiboot2_header) { described_class.new data }
 
     let :data do
-      [magic_data, arch_data, "\x00" * 8].join.freeze
+      [
+        [Integer(magic_data)].pack('I'),
+        [Integer(arch_data)].pack('I'),
+        "\x00" * 8,
+      ].join.freeze
     end
 
-    let(:magic_data) { "\xd6\x50\x52\xe8" }
-    let(:arch_data)  { "\x04\x00\x00\x00" }
+    let(:magic_data) { described_class::MAGIC }
+    let(:arch_data)  { 0 }
 
     describe '#magic' do
       subject(:magic) { multiboot2_header.magic }
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
+
+      context 'when magic data is zero' do
+        let(:magic_data) { 0 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal magic_data }
+      end
+
+      context 'when magic data is some other value' do
+        let(:magic_data) { 0x1234abcd }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal magic_data }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#arch' do
       subject(:arch) { multiboot2_header.arch }
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
-      it { is_expected.to equal 4 }
+      it { is_expected.to equal arch_data }
+
+      context 'when arch data is zero' do
+        let(:arch_data) { 0 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal arch_data }
+      end
+
+      context 'when arch data is some other value' do
+        let(:arch_data) { 0x1234abcd }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal arch_data }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#arch_name' do
       subject(:arch_name) { multiboot2_header.arch_name }
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
-      it { is_expected.to equal :mips32 }
+      it { is_expected.to equal described_class::ARCH.fetch arch_data }
+
+      context 'when arch is i386' do
+        let(:arch_data) { 0 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
+        it { is_expected.to equal :i386 }
+      end
+
+      context 'when arch is MIPS32' do
+        let(:arch_data) { 4 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
+        it { is_expected.to equal :mips32 }
+      end
+
+      context 'when arch data is some other value' do
+        let(:arch_data) { 0x1234abcd }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
     end
   end
 end

From e3f88e9c7c21e8dcd73bfc65e11f9e320908b6ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 08:53:15 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/40] Fix docs

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/printf.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/printf.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/printf.c
index b2785b6c..4a62f71d 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/printf.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/printf.c
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #ifdef KERNAUX_VERSION_WITH_PRINTF
 
 /**
- * Typical `printf`.
+ * Typical **printf**.
  *
  * @param format [String] format string
  * @return [String] formatted output

From 21419a5990e6ce584282bf1c5a4b66c3ef5592a9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 08:54:50 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/40] Add docs

---
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb | 7 +++++++
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 0eeaff08..6257e3d6 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -77,6 +77,12 @@ class Header < Struct
       #
       MAGIC = 0xe85250d6
 
+      ##
+      # Header architecture field values.
+      #
+      # @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-magic-fields
+      # @see #arch_name
+      #
       ARCH = { 0 => :i386, 4 => :mips32 }.freeze
 
       def initialize(data)
@@ -91,6 +97,7 @@ def initialize(data)
       # @return [Symbol]
       #
       # @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-magic-fields
+      # @see ARCH
       #
       def arch_name = ARCH[arch]
     end

From 37346c7439bd1cf045ff8a422c791acf90acaf66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 08:56:39 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/40] Remove unnecessary code

---
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb | 6 ------
 1 file changed, 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 6257e3d6..6885901b 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -85,12 +85,6 @@ class Header < Struct
       #
       ARCH = { 0 => :i386, 4 => :mips32 }.freeze
 
-      def initialize(data)
-        super
-        # TODO: use some const
-        raise BaseSizeError, 'Too short base' if @data.bytesize < 16
-      end
-
       ##
       # Return the architecture field of the Multiboot 2 header.
       #

From 4976aa955a9f1c225bab9c1b01b9e57b6fd8e05d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 09:04:06 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/40] Add method KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#total_size

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c        | 19 +++++++++++++
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 27 +++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index 39c0d511..1a89fb8a 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -43,6 +43,13 @@ static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic(VALUE self);
  */
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch(VALUE self);
 
+/**
+ * Return the total size (length) field of the Multiboot 2 header.
+ *
+ * @return [nil, Integer]
+ */
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size(VALUE self);
+
 void init_multiboot2()
 {
     // KernAux::Multiboot2
@@ -72,6 +79,8 @@ void init_multiboot2()
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "arch",
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "total_size",
+                     rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size, 0);
 }
 
 // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#magic
@@ -92,4 +101,14 @@ VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch(VALUE self)
     return ULONG2NUM(arch);
 }
 
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#total_size
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data);
+    KERNAUX_CAST_CONST(unsigned long, total_size,
+                       multiboot2_header->total_size);
+    return ULONG2NUM(total_size);
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 1e328fb0..ae52adbd 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -10,12 +10,14 @@
       [
         [Integer(magic_data)].pack('I'),
         [Integer(arch_data)].pack('I'),
-        "\x00" * 8,
+        [Integer(total_size_data)].pack('I'),
+        "\x00" * 4,
       ].join.freeze
     end
 
     let(:magic_data) { described_class::MAGIC }
-    let(:arch_data)  { 0 }
+    let(:arch_data) { 0 }
+    let(:total_size_data) { 20 }
 
     describe '#magic' do
       subject(:magic) { multiboot2_header.magic }
@@ -85,5 +87,26 @@
         it { is_expected.to equal nil }
       end
     end
+
+    describe '#total_size' do
+      subject(:total_size) { multiboot2_header.total_size }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+      it { is_expected.to equal total_size_data }
+
+      context 'when total size data is zero' do
+        let(:total_size_data) { 0 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal total_size_data }
+      end
+
+      context 'when total size data is some other value' do
+        let(:total_size_data) { 0x1234abcd }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal total_size_data }
+      end
+    end
   end
 end

From c8dba1b5feed7024c852c8893595ddd356205306 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 09:06:17 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/40] Freeze

---
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 6885901b..88bb323d 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -26,8 +26,9 @@ class InvalidError < Error; end
     # The base class for any Multiboot 2 structure.
     #
     class Struct
-      def initialize(data)
+      def initialize(data = '')
         @data = String data
+        freeze if @data.frozen?
       end
 
       ##

From cbf0eddcc9fbd5fe855802c507935529a6e91cde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 09:14:15 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/40] Rename "/common/" to "/fixtures/"

---
 bindings/mruby/test/cmdline.rb                |  4 ++--
 bindings/mruby/test/sprintf.rb                |  6 +++---
 .../ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/cmdline_spec.rb     |  4 ++--
 .../ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/sprintf_spec.rb     |  6 +++---
 {common => fixtures}/cmdline.yml              |  0
 {common => fixtures}/printf.yml               |  0
 {common => fixtures}/printf_fmt.yml           |  0
 {common => fixtures}/printf_orig.yml          |  0
 tests/Makefile.am                             | 20 +++++++++----------
 9 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
 rename {common => fixtures}/cmdline.yml (100%)
 rename {common => fixtures}/printf.yml (100%)
 rename {common => fixtures}/printf_fmt.yml (100%)
 rename {common => fixtures}/printf_orig.yml (100%)

diff --git a/bindings/mruby/test/cmdline.rb b/bindings/mruby/test/cmdline.rb
index 1a305f15..c24536c0 100644
--- a/bindings/mruby/test/cmdline.rb
+++ b/bindings/mruby/test/cmdline.rb
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ def test_cmdline(str, expected)
     end
   end
 
-  assert 'usign common tests' do
-    cmdline_yml = File.expand_path('../../../../common/cmdline.yml', __FILE__)
+  assert 'usign fixtures' do
+    cmdline_yml = File.expand_path('../../../../fixtures/cmdline.yml', __FILE__)
 
     YAML.load(File.read(cmdline_yml)).each do |test|
       escape_str = lambda do |str|
diff --git a/bindings/mruby/test/sprintf.rb b/bindings/mruby/test/sprintf.rb
index d656b5ab..affabf1f 100644
--- a/bindings/mruby/test/sprintf.rb
+++ b/bindings/mruby/test/sprintf.rb
@@ -65,12 +65,12 @@
     end
 
     [
-      ['',      'using regular tests'],
-      ['_orig', 'using original tests'],
+      ['',      'using regular fixtures'],
+      ['_orig', 'using original fixtures'],
     ].each do |(suffix, description)|
       assert description do
         printf_yml =
-          File.expand_path("../../../../common/printf#{suffix}.yml", __FILE__)
+          File.expand_path("../../../../fixtures/printf#{suffix}.yml", __FILE__)
 
         YAML.load(File.read(printf_yml)).each do |test|
           expected = test['result']
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/cmdline_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/cmdline_spec.rb
index b5d427b5..6a9f3408 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/cmdline_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/cmdline_spec.rb
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@
     end
   end
 
-  context 'using common tests' do
-    cmdline_yml = File.expand_path('../../../../../common/cmdline.yml', __dir__)
+  context 'using fixtures' do
+    cmdline_yml = File.expand_path('../../../../../fixtures/cmdline.yml', __dir__)
 
     YAML.safe_load_file(cmdline_yml).each do |test|
       escape_str = lambda do |str|
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/sprintf_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/sprintf_spec.rb
index c4593cbf..e172052b 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/sprintf_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/sprintf_spec.rb
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@
   end
 
   [
-    ['',      'using regular tests'],
-    ['_orig', 'using original tests'],
+    ['',      'using regular fixtures'],
+    ['_orig', 'using original fixtures'],
   ].each do |(suffix, description)|
     context description do
       printf_yml = File.expand_path(
-        "../../../../../common/printf#{suffix}.yml",
+        "../../../../../fixtures/printf#{suffix}.yml",
         __dir__,
       )
 
diff --git a/common/cmdline.yml b/fixtures/cmdline.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from common/cmdline.yml
rename to fixtures/cmdline.yml
diff --git a/common/printf.yml b/fixtures/printf.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from common/printf.yml
rename to fixtures/printf.yml
diff --git a/common/printf_fmt.yml b/fixtures/printf_fmt.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from common/printf_fmt.yml
rename to fixtures/printf_fmt.yml
diff --git a/common/printf_orig.yml b/fixtures/printf_orig.yml
similarity index 100%
rename from common/printf_orig.yml
rename to fixtures/printf_orig.yml
diff --git a/tests/Makefile.am b/tests/Makefile.am
index 7db522c0..2f9d7bb0 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/Makefile.am
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ test_cmdline_gen_SOURCES = \
 	test_cmdline_gen.c \
 	cmdline_gen.py \
 	cmdline_gen.jinja \
-	$(top_srcdir)/common/cmdline.yml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/fixtures/cmdline.yml \
 	cmdline_test.h \
 	cmdline_test.c
 endif
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ endif
 
 CLEANFILES += test_cmdline_gen.c
 
-test_cmdline_gen.c: $(top_srcdir)/tests/cmdline_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/cmdline_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/common/cmdline.yml
-	$(PYTHON) $(top_srcdir)/tests/cmdline_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/cmdline_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/common/cmdline.yml test_cmdline_gen.c
+test_cmdline_gen.c: $(top_srcdir)/tests/cmdline_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/cmdline_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/fixtures/cmdline.yml
+	$(PYTHON) $(top_srcdir)/tests/cmdline_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/cmdline_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/fixtures/cmdline.yml test_cmdline_gen.c
 
 ############
 # test_elf #
@@ -359,14 +359,14 @@ test_printf_fmt_gen_SOURCES = \
 	test_printf_fmt_gen.c \
 	printf_fmt_gen.py \
 	printf_fmt_gen.jinja \
-	$(top_srcdir)/common/printf_fmt.yml
+	$(top_srcdir)/fixtures/printf_fmt.yml
 endif
 endif
 
 CLEANFILES += test_printf_fmt_gen.c
 
-test_printf_fmt_gen.c: $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_fmt_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_fmt_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/common/printf_fmt.yml
-	$(PYTHON) $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_fmt_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_fmt_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/common/printf_fmt.yml test_printf_fmt_gen.c
+test_printf_fmt_gen.c: $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_fmt_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_fmt_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/fixtures/printf_fmt.yml
+	$(PYTHON) $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_fmt_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_fmt_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/fixtures/printf_fmt.yml test_printf_fmt_gen.c
 
 ###################
 # test_printf_gen #
@@ -381,15 +381,15 @@ test_printf_gen_SOURCES = \
 	test_printf_gen.c \
 	printf_gen.py \
 	printf_gen.jinja \
-	$(top_srcdir)/common/printf.yml \
-	$(top_srcdir)/common/printf_orig.yml
+	$(top_srcdir)/fixtures/printf.yml \
+	$(top_srcdir)/fixtures/printf_orig.yml
 endif
 endif
 
 CLEANFILES += test_printf_gen.c
 
-test_printf_gen.c: $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/common/printf.yml $(top_srcdir)/common/printf_orig.yml
-	$(PYTHON) $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/common/printf.yml $(top_srcdir)/common/printf_orig.yml test_printf_gen.c
+test_printf_gen.c: $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/fixtures/printf.yml $(top_srcdir)/fixtures/printf_orig.yml
+	$(PYTHON) $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_gen.py $(top_srcdir)/tests/printf_gen.jinja $(top_srcdir)/fixtures/printf.yml $(top_srcdir)/fixtures/printf_orig.yml test_printf_gen.c
 
 ####################
 # test_units_human #

From a62df01dfc717c3ca1530ec1f7be76bc8326f0a4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 09:22:34 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/40] Move Multiboot 2 examples

---
 .../multiboot2_header_example0.h              |  0
 .../multiboot2_header_example1.h              |  0
 .../multiboot2_header_example2.h              |  0
 .../multiboot2_info_example0.h                |  0
 .../multiboot2_info_example1.h                |  0
 .../multiboot2_info_example2.h                |  0
 tests/Makefile.am                             | 32 +++++++++----------
 tests/multiboot2_header_print0.c              |  2 +-
 tests/multiboot2_header_print1.c              |  2 +-
 tests/multiboot2_header_print2.c              |  2 +-
 tests/multiboot2_info_print0.c                |  2 +-
 tests/multiboot2_info_print1.c                |  2 +-
 tests/multiboot2_info_print2.c                |  2 +-
 tests/test_multiboot2_common_packing.c        |  4 +--
 tests/test_multiboot2_header_helpers.c        |  4 +--
 tests/test_multiboot2_info_helpers.c          |  4 +--
 tests/test_multiboot2_info_validation.c       |  4 +--
 17 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
 rename {tests => fixtures}/multiboot2_header_example0.h (100%)
 rename {tests => fixtures}/multiboot2_header_example1.h (100%)
 rename {tests => fixtures}/multiboot2_header_example2.h (100%)
 rename {tests => fixtures}/multiboot2_info_example0.h (100%)
 rename {tests => fixtures}/multiboot2_info_example1.h (100%)
 rename {tests => fixtures}/multiboot2_info_example2.h (100%)

diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_header_example0.h b/fixtures/multiboot2_header_example0.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/multiboot2_header_example0.h
rename to fixtures/multiboot2_header_example0.h
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_header_example1.h b/fixtures/multiboot2_header_example1.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/multiboot2_header_example1.h
rename to fixtures/multiboot2_header_example1.h
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_header_example2.h b/fixtures/multiboot2_header_example2.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/multiboot2_header_example2.h
rename to fixtures/multiboot2_header_example2.h
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_info_example0.h b/fixtures/multiboot2_info_example0.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/multiboot2_info_example0.h
rename to fixtures/multiboot2_info_example0.h
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_info_example1.h b/fixtures/multiboot2_info_example1.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/multiboot2_info_example1.h
rename to fixtures/multiboot2_info_example1.h
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_info_example2.h b/fixtures/multiboot2_info_example2.h
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/multiboot2_info_example2.h
rename to fixtures/multiboot2_info_example2.h
diff --git a/tests/Makefile.am b/tests/Makefile.am
index 2f9d7bb0..6796b1b9 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/Makefile.am
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ multiboot2_header_print0_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 multiboot2_header_print0_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	multiboot2_header_print0.c \
-	multiboot2_header_example0.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example0.h
 endif
 
 ############################
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ multiboot2_header_print1_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 multiboot2_header_print1_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	multiboot2_header_print1.c \
-	multiboot2_header_example1.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example1.h
 endif
 
 ############################
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ multiboot2_header_print2_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 multiboot2_header_print2_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	multiboot2_header_print2.c \
-	multiboot2_header_example2.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example2.h
 endif
 
 ##########################
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ multiboot2_info_print0_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 multiboot2_info_print0_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	multiboot2_info_print0.c \
-	multiboot2_info_example0.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example0.h
 endif
 
 ##########################
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ multiboot2_info_print1_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 multiboot2_info_print1_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	multiboot2_info_print1.c \
-	multiboot2_info_example1.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example1.h
 endif
 
 ##########################
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ multiboot2_info_print2_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 multiboot2_info_print2_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	multiboot2_info_print2.c \
-	multiboot2_info_example2.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example2.h
 endif
 
 ##################
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ test_multiboot2_common_packing_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 test_multiboot2_common_packing_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	test_multiboot2_common_packing.c \
-	multiboot2_header_example2.h \
-	multiboot2_info_example2.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example2.h \
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example2.h
 endif
 
 ##################################
@@ -204,8 +204,8 @@ test_multiboot2_header_helpers_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 test_multiboot2_header_helpers_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	test_multiboot2_header_helpers.c \
-	multiboot2_header_example1.h \
-	multiboot2_header_example2.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example1.h \
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example2.h
 endif
 
 ################################
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ test_multiboot2_header_validation_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 test_multiboot2_header_validation_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	test_multiboot2_header_validation.c \
-	multiboot2_header_example1.h \
-	multiboot2_header_example2.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example1.h \
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example2.h
 endif
 
 ################################
@@ -248,8 +248,8 @@ test_multiboot2_info_helpers_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 test_multiboot2_info_helpers_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	test_multiboot2_info_helpers.c \
-	multiboot2_info_example1.h \
-	multiboot2_info_example2.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example1.h \
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example2.h
 endif
 
 ##############################
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@ test_multiboot2_info_validation_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/libkernaux.la
 test_multiboot2_info_validation_SOURCES = \
 	main.c \
 	test_multiboot2_info_validation.c \
-	multiboot2_info_example1.h \
-	multiboot2_info_example2.h
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example1.h \
+	../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example2.h
 endif
 
 #############
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_header_print0.c b/tests/multiboot2_header_print0.c
index 89836d3f..407e2218 100644
--- a/tests/multiboot2_header_print0.c
+++ b/tests/multiboot2_header_print0.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-#include "multiboot2_header_example0.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example0.h"
 
 static void my_putc(void *display KERNAUX_UNUSED, char c)
 {
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_header_print1.c b/tests/multiboot2_header_print1.c
index 0eab3d22..fe16b403 100644
--- a/tests/multiboot2_header_print1.c
+++ b/tests/multiboot2_header_print1.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-#include "multiboot2_header_example1.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example1.h"
 
 static void my_putc(void *display KERNAUX_UNUSED, char c)
 {
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_header_print2.c b/tests/multiboot2_header_print2.c
index 50b41bba..1d003864 100644
--- a/tests/multiboot2_header_print2.c
+++ b/tests/multiboot2_header_print2.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-#include "multiboot2_header_example2.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example2.h"
 
 static void my_putc(void *display KERNAUX_UNUSED, char c)
 {
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_info_print0.c b/tests/multiboot2_info_print0.c
index 642a7aa1..ddcf46dd 100644
--- a/tests/multiboot2_info_print0.c
+++ b/tests/multiboot2_info_print0.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-#include "multiboot2_info_example0.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example0.h"
 
 static void my_putc(void *display KERNAUX_UNUSED, char c)
 {
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_info_print1.c b/tests/multiboot2_info_print1.c
index 095821a0..8770af93 100644
--- a/tests/multiboot2_info_print1.c
+++ b/tests/multiboot2_info_print1.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-#include "multiboot2_info_example1.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example1.h"
 
 static void my_putc(void *display KERNAUX_UNUSED, char c)
 {
diff --git a/tests/multiboot2_info_print2.c b/tests/multiboot2_info_print2.c
index 30ed471d..8e0f1bf2 100644
--- a/tests/multiboot2_info_print2.c
+++ b/tests/multiboot2_info_print2.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-#include "multiboot2_info_example2.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example2.h"
 
 static void my_putc(void *display KERNAUX_UNUSED, char c)
 {
diff --git a/tests/test_multiboot2_common_packing.c b/tests/test_multiboot2_common_packing.c
index b54653f4..f9215fba 100644
--- a/tests/test_multiboot2_common_packing.c
+++ b/tests/test_multiboot2_common_packing.c
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-#include "multiboot2_header_example2.h"
-#include "multiboot2_info_example2.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example2.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example2.h"
 
 #define HEAD_SIZEOF1(type, inst, size)                                       \
     do {                                                                     \
diff --git a/tests/test_multiboot2_header_helpers.c b/tests/test_multiboot2_header_helpers.c
index 5af933d1..10d2aa1d 100644
--- a/tests/test_multiboot2_header_helpers.c
+++ b/tests/test_multiboot2_header_helpers.c
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 
 #include <kernaux/multiboot2.h>
 
-#include "multiboot2_header_example1.h"
-#include "multiboot2_header_example2.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example1.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example2.h"
 
 void test_main()
 {
diff --git a/tests/test_multiboot2_info_helpers.c b/tests/test_multiboot2_info_helpers.c
index 7a6c34eb..bd9592ea 100644
--- a/tests/test_multiboot2_info_helpers.c
+++ b/tests/test_multiboot2_info_helpers.c
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 
 #include <assert.h>
 
-#include "multiboot2_info_example1.h"
-#include "multiboot2_info_example2.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example1.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example2.h"
 
 #include <kernaux/macro/packing_start.run>
 
diff --git a/tests/test_multiboot2_info_validation.c b/tests/test_multiboot2_info_validation.c
index 45017566..0aebdf43 100644
--- a/tests/test_multiboot2_info_validation.c
+++ b/tests/test_multiboot2_info_validation.c
@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 
 #include <assert.h>
 
-#include "multiboot2_info_example1.h"
-#include "multiboot2_info_example2.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example1.h"
+#include "../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example2.h"
 
 #include <kernaux/macro/packing_start.run>
 

From 538eeac1557c2c57e15693fe2c6f267a35920992 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 09:26:38 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 16/40] Fix docs

---
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 88bb323d..72bf6655 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class Header < Struct
       ##
       # Return the architecture field of the Multiboot 2 header.
       #
-      # @return [Symbol]
+      # @return [nil, Symbol]
       #
       # @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-magic-fields
       # @see ARCH

From 90644fa5196753873994a2b94bdea0c406e5520c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 09:27:03 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 17/40] Fix code style

---
 bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/cmdline_spec.rb | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/cmdline_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/cmdline_spec.rb
index 6a9f3408..280d5041 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/cmdline_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/cmdline_spec.rb
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@
   end
 
   context 'using fixtures' do
-    cmdline_yml = File.expand_path('../../../../../fixtures/cmdline.yml', __dir__)
+    cmdline_yml =
+      File.expand_path('../../../../../fixtures/cmdline.yml', __dir__)
 
     YAML.safe_load_file(cmdline_yml).each do |test|
       escape_str = lambda do |str|

From e20b4dac0441e7f4b60a01083883dd39abccb4c8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 16:31:00 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 18/40] Fix typo & test fixtures on CI

---
 .cirrus.yml                | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/main.yml | 2 +-
 .openbsd.yml               | 2 +-
 fixtures/Makefile.am       | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.cirrus.yml b/.cirrus.yml
index b05e32b5..41d3ee46 100644
--- a/.cirrus.yml
+++ b/.cirrus.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ main_freebsd_task:
     - pip install --user Jinja2 PyYAML
   main_build_script:
     - ./autogen.sh
-    - ./configure --enable-debug --enable-checks-all CFLAGS='-O3'
+    - ./configure --enable-debug --enable-fixtures --enable-checks-all CFLAGS='-O3'
     - make
     - sudo make install
   main_test_script:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/main.yml b/.github/workflows/main.yml
index 29622346..9e4175b2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/main.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/main.yml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: autogen
         run: ./autogen.sh
       - name: configure
-        run: ./configure ${{matrix.debug}} --enable-checks --enable-checks-pthreads --enable-checks-python CC='${{matrix.cc}}' CFLAGS='${{matrix.opt}}'
+        run: ./configure ${{matrix.debug}} --enable-fixtures --enable-checks --enable-checks-pthreads --enable-checks-python CC='${{matrix.cc}}' CFLAGS='${{matrix.opt}}'
       - name: make
         run: make
       - name: check
diff --git a/.openbsd.yml b/.openbsd.yml
index cfd6ca31..e5838687 100644
--- a/.openbsd.yml
+++ b/.openbsd.yml
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ tasks:
   - build: |
       cd libkernaux
       ./autogen.sh
-      ./configure --enable-debug --enable-checks-all CFLAGS='-O3'
+      ./configure --enable-debug --enable-fixtures --enable-checks-all CFLAGS='-O3'
       make
       doas make install
   - test: |
diff --git a/fixtures/Makefile.am b/fixtures/Makefile.am
index 39b92e03..b04300f8 100644
--- a/fixtures/Makefile.am
+++ b/fixtures/Makefile.am
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ endif
 multiboot2_header_example0.bin: multiboot2_bin_examples_gen
 	./multiboot2_bin_examples_gen header 0
 
-multiboot2_header_example1.bin_examples_gen: multiboot2_bin
+multiboot2_header_example1.bin: multiboot2_bin_examples_gen
 	./multiboot2_bin_examples_gen header 1
 
 multiboot2_header_example2.bin: multiboot2_bin_examples_gen

From 8cd09497c232b958bc2aa569c4a7160d841a26a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Dec 2022 17:51:50 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 19/40] Use fixtures in specs

---
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 90 +++----------------
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index ae52adbd..c8e45865 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -4,109 +4,45 @@
 
 if KernAux::Version.with_multiboot2?
   RSpec.describe KernAux::Multiboot2::Header do
-    subject(:multiboot2_header) { described_class.new data }
+    subject(:multiboot2_header) { described_class.new fixture_data }
 
-    let :data do
-      [
-        [Integer(magic_data)].pack('I'),
-        [Integer(arch_data)].pack('I'),
-        [Integer(total_size_data)].pack('I'),
-        "\x00" * 4,
-      ].join.freeze
-    end
+    let(:fixture) { 0 }
+
+    let(:fixture_data) { File.read fixture_path }
 
-    let(:magic_data) { described_class::MAGIC }
-    let(:arch_data) { 0 }
-    let(:total_size_data) { 20 }
+    let :fixture_path do
+      File.expand_path(
+        "../../../../../../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example#{fixture}.bin",
+        __dir__
+      )
+    end
 
     describe '#magic' do
       subject(:magic) { multiboot2_header.magic }
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
-
-      context 'when magic data is zero' do
-        let(:magic_data) { 0 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
-        it { is_expected.to equal magic_data }
-      end
-
-      context 'when magic data is some other value' do
-        let(:magic_data) { 0x1234abcd }
-
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
-        it { is_expected.to equal magic_data }
-      end
     end
 
     describe '#arch' do
       subject(:arch) { multiboot2_header.arch }
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
-      it { is_expected.to equal arch_data }
-
-      context 'when arch data is zero' do
-        let(:arch_data) { 0 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
-        it { is_expected.to equal arch_data }
-      end
-
-      context 'when arch data is some other value' do
-        let(:arch_data) { 0x1234abcd }
-
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
-        it { is_expected.to equal arch_data }
-      end
+      it { is_expected.to equal 0 }
     end
 
     describe '#arch_name' do
       subject(:arch_name) { multiboot2_header.arch_name }
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
-      it { is_expected.to equal described_class::ARCH.fetch arch_data }
-
-      context 'when arch is i386' do
-        let(:arch_data) { 0 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
-        it { is_expected.to equal :i386 }
-      end
-
-      context 'when arch is MIPS32' do
-        let(:arch_data) { 4 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
-        it { is_expected.to equal :mips32 }
-      end
-
-      context 'when arch data is some other value' do
-        let(:arch_data) { 0x1234abcd }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
-      end
+      it { is_expected.to equal :i386 }
     end
 
     describe '#total_size' do
       subject(:total_size) { multiboot2_header.total_size }
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
-      it { is_expected.to equal total_size_data }
-
-      context 'when total size data is zero' do
-        let(:total_size_data) { 0 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
-        it { is_expected.to equal total_size_data }
-      end
-
-      context 'when total size data is some other value' do
-        let(:total_size_data) { 0x1234abcd }
-
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
-        it { is_expected.to equal total_size_data }
-      end
+      it { is_expected.to equal 24 }
     end
   end
 end

From e75ac1ba0acc0b1fb2acf4fb048d792cd0100921 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 09:55:30 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 20/40] Add method KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#enough?

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c        | 25 ++++++++++++++-----
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb       |  6 +++--
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 13 ++++++++++
 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index 1a89fb8a..34cf6d7b 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@
 #define RBNSMDL rb_KernAux_Multiboot2
 #define RBNS(s) rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_##s
 
-#define EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Type, name, data) \
+#define EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Type, name, data, Qnegresult) \
     const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type *const name =              \
         (const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type*)                     \
         StringValuePtr(data);                                         \
     do {                                                              \
         const long len = RSTRING_LEN(data);                           \
-        if (len < 0) return Qnil;                                     \
+        if (len < 0) return (Qnegresult);                             \
         if ((size_t)len < sizeof(struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type)) { \
-            return Qnil;                                              \
+            return (Qnegresult);                                      \
         }                                                             \
     } while (0)
 
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ VALUE RBNS(InvalidError)  = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::InvalidError
 VALUE RBNS(Struct)        = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Struct
 VALUE RBNS(Header)        = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header
 
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_enoughQN(VALUE self);
+
 /**
  * Return the magic field of the Multiboot 2 header.
  *
@@ -75,6 +77,8 @@ void init_multiboot2()
     rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header =
         rb_define_class_under(
             rb_KernAux_Multiboot2, "Header", rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Struct));
+    rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "enough?",
+                     rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_enoughQN, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "magic",
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "arch",
@@ -83,11 +87,20 @@ void init_multiboot2()
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size, 0);
 }
 
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#enough?
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_enoughQN(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data, Qfalse);
+    (void)multiboot2_header; // unused
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
 // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#magic
 VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic(VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
-    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data);
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data, Qnil);
     KERNAUX_CAST_CONST(unsigned long, magic, multiboot2_header->magic);
     return ULONG2NUM(magic);
 }
@@ -96,7 +109,7 @@ VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic(VALUE self)
 VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch(VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
-    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data);
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data, Qnil);
     KERNAUX_CAST_CONST(unsigned long, arch, multiboot2_header->arch);
     return ULONG2NUM(arch);
 }
@@ -105,7 +118,7 @@ VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch(VALUE self)
 VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size(VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
-    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data);
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data, Qnil);
     KERNAUX_CAST_CONST(unsigned long, total_size,
                        multiboot2_header->total_size);
     return ULONG2NUM(total_size);
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 72bf6655..d21948b6 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ module KernAux
   #
   module Multiboot2
     ##
-    # Raised when trying to create a Multiboot 2 structure
-    # which is shorter than even it's base.
+    # Raised when a Multiboot 2 structure which is shorter than even it's base
+    # requested to be enough sized.
     #
     # @see Struct#enough!
     #
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ def valid?
       #
       def enough!
         raise BaseSizeError, 'The structure size is too small' unless enough?
+        self
       end
 
       ##
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@ def enough!
       def valid!
         enough!
         raise InvalidError, 'The structure is invalid' unless valid?
+        self
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index c8e45865..7cd2508e 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -17,6 +17,19 @@
       )
     end
 
+    describe '#enough?' do
+      subject(:enough?) { multiboot2_header.enough? }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal true }
+    end
+
+    describe '#enough!' do
+      subject(:enough!) { multiboot2_header.enough! }
+
+      specify { expect { enough! }.not_to raise_error }
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+    end
+
     describe '#magic' do
       subject(:magic) { multiboot2_header.magic }
 

From 6e5513b889f74bd76dde600ecbcf9471a96170b9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 09:59:41 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 21/40] Fix method KernAux::Multiboot2::Struct#freeze

---
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb       |  2 +-
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 20 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index d21948b6..b29b66e6 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def initialize(data = '')
       def freeze
         @data.freeze
         super
-        nil
+        self
       end
 
       def enough?
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 7cd2508e..ebc245c0 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -17,6 +17,26 @@
       )
     end
 
+    describe '#freeze' do
+      subject(:freeze) { multiboot2_header.freeze }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+
+      specify do
+        expect { freeze }.to \
+          change { multiboot2_header.frozen? }
+          .from(false)
+          .to(true)
+      end
+
+      specify do
+        expect { freeze }.to \
+          change { fixture_data.frozen? }
+          .from(false)
+          .to(true)
+      end
+    end
+
     describe '#enough?' do
       subject(:enough?) { multiboot2_header.enough? }
 

From 8ece0aa08ec1719a5192842a8f0ed51db74d1b8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 10:06:51 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 22/40] Fix code style

---
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb                  | 2 ++
 bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb | 9 +++------
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index b29b66e6..0bc23bdc 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ def valid?
       #
       def enough!
         raise BaseSizeError, 'The structure size is too small' unless enough?
+
         self
       end
 
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ def enough!
       def valid!
         enough!
         raise InvalidError, 'The structure is invalid' unless valid?
+
         self
       end
     end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index ebc245c0..27a42e60 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     let :fixture_path do
       File.expand_path(
         "../../../../../../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example#{fixture}.bin",
-        __dir__
+        __dir__,
       )
     end
 
@@ -24,16 +24,13 @@
 
       specify do
         expect { freeze }.to \
-          change { multiboot2_header.frozen? }
+          change(multiboot2_header, :frozen?)
           .from(false)
           .to(true)
       end
 
       specify do
-        expect { freeze }.to \
-          change { fixture_data.frozen? }
-          .from(false)
-          .to(true)
+        expect { freeze }.to change(fixture_data, :frozen?).from(false).to(true)
       end
     end
 

From a1c776eb18b33472a34ac45f933d76c9a0194530 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 10:12:17 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 23/40] Add method KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#valid?

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c            | 15 +++++++++++++++
 .../spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb    | 13 +++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index 34cf6d7b..093257eb 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ VALUE RBNS(Struct)        = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Struct
 VALUE RBNS(Header)        = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header
 
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_enoughQN(VALUE self);
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_validQN(VALUE self);
 
 /**
  * Return the magic field of the Multiboot 2 header.
@@ -79,6 +80,8 @@ void init_multiboot2()
             rb_KernAux_Multiboot2, "Header", rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Struct));
     rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "enough?",
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_enoughQN, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "valid?",
+                     rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_validQN, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "magic",
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "arch",
@@ -96,6 +99,18 @@ VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_enoughQN(VALUE self)
     return Qtrue;
 }
 
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#valid?
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_validQN(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data, Qfalse);
+    if (KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_is_valid(multiboot2_header)) {
+        return Qtrue;
+    } else {
+        return Qfalse;
+    }
+}
+
 // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#magic
 VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_magic(VALUE self)
 {
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 27a42e60..6a2323f7 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@
       it { is_expected.to equal true }
     end
 
+    describe '#valid?' do
+      subject(:valid?) { multiboot2_header.valid? }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal true }
+    end
+
     describe '#enough!' do
       subject(:enough!) { multiboot2_header.enough! }
 
@@ -47,6 +53,13 @@
       it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
     end
 
+    describe '#valid!' do
+      subject(:valid!) { multiboot2_header.valid! }
+
+      specify { expect { valid! }.not_to raise_error }
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+    end
+
     describe '#magic' do
       subject(:magic) { multiboot2_header.magic }
 

From 962fffbd1844830379ee4e2fcc02b462067f57cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 10:20:40 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 24/40] Add method KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#checksum

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c         | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb |  7 +++++++
 2 files changed, 25 insertions(+)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index 093257eb..742c3135 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -53,6 +53,13 @@ static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch(VALUE self);
  */
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size(VALUE self);
 
+/**
+ * Return the checksum field of the Multiboot 2 header.
+ *
+ * @return [nil, Integer]
+ */
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_checksum(VALUE self);
+
 void init_multiboot2()
 {
     // KernAux::Multiboot2
@@ -88,6 +95,8 @@ void init_multiboot2()
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "total_size",
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "checksum",
+                     rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_checksum, 0);
 }
 
 // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#enough?
@@ -139,4 +148,13 @@ VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size(VALUE self)
     return ULONG2NUM(total_size);
 }
 
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#checksum
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_checksum(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data, Qnil);
+    KERNAUX_CAST_CONST(unsigned long, checksum, multiboot2_header->checksum);
+    return ULONG2NUM(checksum);
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 6a2323f7..8005fadc 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -87,5 +87,12 @@
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal 24 }
     end
+
+    describe '#checksum' do
+      subject(:checksum) { multiboot2_header.checksum }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+      it { is_expected.to equal 0x17adaf12 }
+    end
   end
 end

From e14788ff3720ea01c58146fcdadfc6aa824768ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 10:24:53 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 25/40] Add more specs

---
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 122 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 122 insertions(+)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 8005fadc..ade15aa5 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -38,12 +38,36 @@
       subject(:enough?) { multiboot2_header.enough? }
 
       it { is_expected.to equal true }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#valid?' do
       subject(:valid?) { multiboot2_header.valid? }
 
       it { is_expected.to equal true }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#enough!' do
@@ -51,6 +75,20 @@
 
       specify { expect { enough! }.not_to raise_error }
       it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        specify { expect { enough! }.not_to raise_error }
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        specify { expect { enough! }.not_to raise_error }
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#valid!' do
@@ -58,6 +96,20 @@
 
       specify { expect { valid! }.not_to raise_error }
       it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        specify { expect { valid! }.not_to raise_error }
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        specify { expect { valid! }.not_to raise_error }
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#magic' do
@@ -65,6 +117,20 @@
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#arch' do
@@ -72,6 +138,20 @@
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal 0 }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal 4 }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal 0 }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#arch_name' do
@@ -79,6 +159,20 @@
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
       it { is_expected.to equal :i386 }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
+        it { is_expected.to equal :mips32 }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
+        it { is_expected.to equal :i386 }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#total_size' do
@@ -86,6 +180,20 @@
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal 24 }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal 104 }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal 272 }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#checksum' do
@@ -93,6 +201,20 @@
 
       it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal 0x17adaf12 }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal 0x17adaebe }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
+        it { is_expected.to equal 0x17adae1a }
+      end
     end
   end
 end

From 7254f8f73de6115370620062fb974c1d2d2fe2b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 10:26:14 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 26/40] Remove unnecessary specs

---
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 21 -------------------
 1 file changed, 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index ade15aa5..030102b1 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -73,20 +73,17 @@
     describe '#enough!' do
       subject(:enough!) { multiboot2_header.enough! }
 
-      specify { expect { enough! }.not_to raise_error }
       it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
 
       context 'for the fixture 1' do
         let(:fixture) { 1 }
 
-        specify { expect { enough! }.not_to raise_error }
         it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
       end
 
       context 'for the fixture 2' do
         let(:fixture) { 2 }
 
-        specify { expect { enough! }.not_to raise_error }
         it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
       end
     end
@@ -94,20 +91,17 @@
     describe '#valid!' do
       subject(:valid!) { multiboot2_header.valid! }
 
-      specify { expect { valid! }.not_to raise_error }
       it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
 
       context 'for the fixture 1' do
         let(:fixture) { 1 }
 
-        specify { expect { valid! }.not_to raise_error }
         it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
       end
 
       context 'for the fixture 2' do
         let(:fixture) { 2 }
 
-        specify { expect { valid! }.not_to raise_error }
         it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
       end
     end
@@ -115,20 +109,17 @@
     describe '#magic' do
       subject(:magic) { multiboot2_header.magic }
 
-      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
 
       context 'for the fixture 1' do
         let(:fixture) { 1 }
 
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
         it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
       end
 
       context 'for the fixture 2' do
         let(:fixture) { 2 }
 
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
         it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
       end
     end
@@ -136,20 +127,17 @@
     describe '#arch' do
       subject(:arch) { multiboot2_header.arch }
 
-      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal 0 }
 
       context 'for the fixture 1' do
         let(:fixture) { 1 }
 
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
         it { is_expected.to equal 4 }
       end
 
       context 'for the fixture 2' do
         let(:fixture) { 2 }
 
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
         it { is_expected.to equal 0 }
       end
     end
@@ -157,20 +145,17 @@
     describe '#arch_name' do
       subject(:arch_name) { multiboot2_header.arch_name }
 
-      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
       it { is_expected.to equal :i386 }
 
       context 'for the fixture 1' do
         let(:fixture) { 1 }
 
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
         it { is_expected.to equal :mips32 }
       end
 
       context 'for the fixture 2' do
         let(:fixture) { 2 }
 
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Symbol }
         it { is_expected.to equal :i386 }
       end
     end
@@ -178,20 +163,17 @@
     describe '#total_size' do
       subject(:total_size) { multiboot2_header.total_size }
 
-      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal 24 }
 
       context 'for the fixture 1' do
         let(:fixture) { 1 }
 
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
         it { is_expected.to equal 104 }
       end
 
       context 'for the fixture 2' do
         let(:fixture) { 2 }
 
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
         it { is_expected.to equal 272 }
       end
     end
@@ -199,20 +181,17 @@
     describe '#checksum' do
       subject(:checksum) { multiboot2_header.checksum }
 
-      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
       it { is_expected.to equal 0x17adaf12 }
 
       context 'for the fixture 1' do
         let(:fixture) { 1 }
 
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
         it { is_expected.to equal 0x17adaebe }
       end
 
       context 'for the fixture 2' do
         let(:fixture) { 2 }
 
-        it { is_expected.to be_instance_of Integer }
         it { is_expected.to equal 0x17adae1a }
       end
     end

From 9bf0b83d6dcab97d2dec9e480e216c13f0f9c398 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 10:27:39 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 27/40] Enable fixtures on CI

---
 .cirrus.yml                | 2 +-
 .github/workflows/ruby.yml | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.cirrus.yml b/.cirrus.yml
index ba5f2662..2b0b4aee 100644
--- a/.cirrus.yml
+++ b/.cirrus.yml
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ ruby_freebsd_task:
     - sudo make install
   main_build_script:
     - ./autogen.sh
-    - ./configure --enable-debug CFLAGS='-O3'
+    - ./configure --enable-debug --enable-fixtures CFLAGS='-O3'
     - make
     - sudo make install
   ruby_build_script:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ruby.yml b/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
index d5a2ca6d..e19eceac 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ruby.yml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: autogen
         run: ./autogen.sh
       - name: configure
-        run: ./configure ${{matrix.debug}} ${{matrix.packages.configure}} CFLAGS='-O3'
+        run: ./configure --enable-fixtures ${{matrix.debug}} ${{matrix.packages.configure}} CFLAGS='-O3'
       - name: make
         run: make
       - name: install

From bb0f865ba25524f7ec841b60bf5714b6e9ee0019 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 10:34:26 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 28/40] Add more specs

---
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 135 +++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 131 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 030102b1..9fd6ad9b 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -4,12 +4,11 @@
 
 if KernAux::Version.with_multiboot2?
   RSpec.describe KernAux::Multiboot2::Header do
-    subject(:multiboot2_header) { described_class.new fixture_data }
+    subject(:multiboot2_header) { described_class.new data }
 
+    let(:data) { File.read fixture_path }
     let(:fixture) { 0 }
 
-    let(:fixture_data) { File.read fixture_path }
-
     let :fixture_path do
       File.expand_path(
         "../../../../../../fixtures/multiboot2_header_example#{fixture}.bin",
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@
       end
 
       specify do
-        expect { freeze }.to change(fixture_data, :frozen?).from(false).to(true)
+        expect { freeze }.to change(data, :frozen?).from(false).to(true)
       end
     end
 
@@ -50,6 +49,18 @@
 
         it { is_expected.to equal true }
       end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal false }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal false }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#valid?' do
@@ -68,6 +79,18 @@
 
         it { is_expected.to equal true }
       end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal false }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal false }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#enough!' do
@@ -86,6 +109,28 @@
 
         it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
       end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        specify do
+          expect { enough! }.to raise_error(
+            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+            'The structure size is too small',
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
+
+        specify do
+          expect { enough! }.to raise_error(
+            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+            'The structure size is too small',
+          )
+        end
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#valid!' do
@@ -104,6 +149,28 @@
 
         it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
       end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        specify do
+          expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
+            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+            'The structure size is too small',
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
+
+        specify do
+          expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
+            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+            'The structure size is too small',
+          )
+        end
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#magic' do
@@ -122,6 +189,18 @@
 
         it { is_expected.to equal described_class::MAGIC }
       end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#arch' do
@@ -140,6 +219,18 @@
 
         it { is_expected.to equal 0 }
       end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#arch_name' do
@@ -158,6 +249,18 @@
 
         it { is_expected.to equal :i386 }
       end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#total_size' do
@@ -176,6 +279,18 @@
 
         it { is_expected.to equal 272 }
       end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#checksum' do
@@ -194,6 +309,18 @@
 
         it { is_expected.to equal 0x17adae1a }
       end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
     end
   end
 end

From c30f3a1fb0a4849663244b1e658a2d9084178bde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 11:04:31 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 29/40] Validate the expected size

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c        | 19 +++---
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 68 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index 742c3135..4316c6a7 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@
 #define RBNS(s) rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_##s
 
 #define EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Type, name, data, Qnegresult) \
-    const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type *const name =              \
-        (const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type*)                     \
-        StringValuePtr(data);                                         \
-    do {                                                              \
-        const long len = RSTRING_LEN(data);                           \
-        if (len < 0) return (Qnegresult);                             \
-        if ((size_t)len < sizeof(struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type)) { \
-            return (Qnegresult);                                      \
-        }                                                             \
+    const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type *const name =                    \
+        (const struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type*)                           \
+        StringValuePtr(data);                                               \
+    const long data_size = RSTRING_LEN(data);                               \
+    do {                                                                    \
+        if (data_size < 0) return (Qnegresult);                             \
+        if ((size_t)data_size < sizeof(struct KernAux_Multiboot2_##Type)) { \
+            return (Qnegresult);                                            \
+        }                                                                   \
     } while (0)
 
 VALUE RBNSMDL             = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_validQN(VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
     EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data, Qfalse);
+    if ((size_t)data_size < multiboot2_header->total_size) return Qfalse;
     if (KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_is_valid(multiboot2_header)) {
         return Qtrue;
     } else {
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 9fd6ad9b..6a78afbd 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -91,6 +91,24 @@
 
         it { is_expected.to equal false }
       end
+
+      context 'when given size is greater than the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { "#{[header(0, 24), tag_none].join}\x00" }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
+
+      context 'when given size is equal to the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { [header(0, 24), tag_none].join }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
+
+      context 'when given size is lesser than the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { [header(0, 24), tag_none].join[0...-1] }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal false }
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#enough!' do
@@ -171,6 +189,29 @@
           )
         end
       end
+
+      context 'when given size is greater than the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { "#{[header(0, 24), tag_none].join}\x00" }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+      end
+
+      context 'when given size is equal to the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { [header(0, 24), tag_none].join }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
+      end
+
+      context 'when given size is lesser than the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { [header(0, 24), tag_none].join[0...-1] }
+
+        specify do
+          expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
+            KernAux::Multiboot2::InvalidError,
+            'The structure is invalid',
+          )
+        end
+      end
     end
 
     describe '#magic' do
@@ -322,5 +363,32 @@
         it { is_expected.to equal nil }
       end
     end
+
+    def header(arch, total_size)
+      arch = Integer arch
+      total_size = Integer total_size
+
+      [
+        # uint32_t magic
+        [described_class::MAGIC].pack('I'),
+        # uint32_t arch: i386
+        [arch].pack('I'),
+        # uint32_t total_size
+        [total_size].pack('I'),
+        # uint32_t checksum
+        [-(described_class::MAGIC + arch + total_size)].pack('I'),
+      ].join
+    end
+
+    def tag_none
+      [
+        # uint16_t tags[0].type: none
+        [0].pack('S'),
+        # uint16_t tags[0].flags
+        [0].pack('S'),
+        # uint32_t tags[0].size
+        [8].pack('I'),
+      ].join
+    end
   end
 end

From 6de6e6901377ac41378ea684982d719d1cd07711 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 11:08:42 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 30/40] Improve code

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index 4316c6a7..59602d78 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
         }                                                                   \
     } while (0)
 
+#define ENSURE_WHOLE_SIZE(name, Qnegresult) do { \
+    if ((size_t)data_size < (name)->total_size) return (Qnegresult); \
+} while (0)
+
 VALUE RBNSMDL             = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2
 VALUE RBNS(BaseSizeError) = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError
 VALUE RBNS(InvalidError)  = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::InvalidError
@@ -113,7 +117,8 @@ VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_validQN(VALUE self)
 {
     VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
     EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Header, multiboot2_header, data, Qfalse);
-    if ((size_t)data_size < multiboot2_header->total_size) return Qfalse;
+    ENSURE_WHOLE_SIZE(multiboot2_header, Qfalse);
+
     if (KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_is_valid(multiboot2_header)) {
         return Qtrue;
     } else {

From 3d6348f92716c9fa89d35ea5bac14ab41e0b2084 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 11:27:00 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 31/40] Add class KernAux::Multiboot2::Info

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c        | 106 +++++++
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb       |   8 +
 .../spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/info_spec.rb  | 297 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 411 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/info_spec.rb

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index 59602d78..08cee116 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ VALUE RBNS(BaseSizeError) = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError
 VALUE RBNS(InvalidError)  = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::InvalidError
 VALUE RBNS(Struct)        = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Struct
 VALUE RBNS(Header)        = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header
+VALUE RBNS(Info)          = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Info
+
+
+
+/*******************************
+ * KernAux::Multiboot2::Header *
+ *******************************/
 
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_enoughQN(VALUE self);
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_validQN(VALUE self);
@@ -53,6 +60,8 @@ static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_arch(VALUE self);
 /**
  * Return the total size (length) field of the Multiboot 2 header.
  *
+ * @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-magic-fields
+ *
  * @return [nil, Integer]
  */
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size(VALUE self);
@@ -60,10 +69,43 @@ static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size(VALUE self);
 /**
  * Return the checksum field of the Multiboot 2 header.
  *
+ * @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Header-magic-fields
+ *
  * @return [nil, Integer]
  */
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_checksum(VALUE self);
 
+/*****************************
+ * KernAux::Multiboot2::Info *
+ *****************************/
+
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_enoughQN(VALUE self);
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_validQN(VALUE self);
+
+/**
+ * Return the total size field of the Multiboot 2 information.
+ *
+ * @return [nil, Integer]
+ *
+ * @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Basic-tags-structure
+ */
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_total_size(VALUE self);
+
+/**
+ * Return the reserved field of the Multiboot 2 information.
+ *
+ * @return [nil, Integer]
+ *
+ * @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Basic-tags-structure
+ */
+static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_reserved(VALUE self);
+
+
+
+/*************************
+ * Extension initializer *
+ *************************/
+
 void init_multiboot2()
 {
     // KernAux::Multiboot2
@@ -101,8 +143,27 @@ void init_multiboot2()
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_total_size, 0);
     rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header, "checksum",
                      rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_checksum, 0);
+
+    // KernAux::Multiboot2::Info
+    rb_gc_register_mark_object(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info =
+        rb_define_class_under(
+            rb_KernAux_Multiboot2, "Info", rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Struct));
+    rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info, "enough?",
+                     rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_enoughQN, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info, "valid?",
+                     rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_validQN, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info, "total_size",
+                     rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_total_size, 0);
+    rb_define_method(rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info, "reserved",
+                     rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_reserved, 0);
 }
 
+
+
+/*******************************
+ * KernAux::Multiboot2::Header *
+ *******************************/
+
 // KernAux::Multiboot2::Header#enough?
 VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_enoughQN(VALUE self)
 {
@@ -163,4 +224,49 @@ VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_checksum(VALUE self)
     return ULONG2NUM(checksum);
 }
 
+/*****************************
+ * KernAux::Multiboot2::Info *
+ *****************************/
+
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Info#enough?
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_enoughQN(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Info, multiboot2_info, data, Qfalse);
+    (void)multiboot2_info; // unused
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Info#valid?
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_validQN(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Info, multiboot2_info, data, Qfalse);
+    ENSURE_WHOLE_SIZE(multiboot2_info, Qfalse);
+
+    if (KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_is_valid(multiboot2_info)) {
+        return Qtrue;
+    } else {
+        return Qfalse;
+    }
+}
+
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Info#total_size
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_total_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Info, multiboot2_info, data, Qnil);
+    KERNAUX_CAST_CONST(unsigned long, total_size, multiboot2_info->total_size);
+    return ULONG2NUM(total_size);
+}
+
+// KernAux::Multiboot2::Info#reserved
+VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_reserved(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE data = rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("@data"));
+    EXTRACT_BASE_PTR(Info, multiboot2_info, data, Qnil);
+    KERNAUX_CAST_CONST(unsigned long, reserved, multiboot2_info->reserved);
+    return ULONG2NUM(reserved);
+}
+
 #endif
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 0bc23bdc..d706a723 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -100,5 +100,13 @@ class Header < Struct
       #
       def arch_name = ARCH[arch]
     end
+
+    ##
+    # Multiboot 2 information.
+    #
+    # @see https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html#Basic-tags-structure
+    #
+    class Info < Struct
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/info_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/info_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c26e7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/info_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+if KernAux::Version.with_multiboot2?
+  RSpec.describe KernAux::Multiboot2::Info do
+    subject(:multiboot2_info) { described_class.new data }
+
+    let(:data) { File.read fixture_path }
+    let(:fixture) { 0 }
+
+    let :fixture_path do
+      File.expand_path(
+        "../../../../../../fixtures/multiboot2_info_example#{fixture}.bin",
+        __dir__,
+      )
+    end
+
+    describe '#freeze' do
+      subject(:freeze) { multiboot2_info.freeze }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
+
+      specify do
+        expect { freeze }.to \
+          change(multiboot2_info, :frozen?)
+          .from(false)
+          .to(true)
+      end
+
+      specify do
+        expect { freeze }.to change(data, :frozen?).from(false).to(true)
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe '#enough?' do
+      subject(:enough?) { multiboot2_info.enough? }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal true }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal false }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 7 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal false }
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe '#valid?' do
+      subject(:valid?) { multiboot2_info.valid? }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal true }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal false }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal false }
+      end
+
+      context 'when given size is greater than the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { "#{[info(16), tag_none].join}\x00" }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
+
+      context 'when given size is equal to the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { [info(16), tag_none].join }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal true }
+      end
+
+      context 'when given size is lesser than the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { [info(16), tag_none].join[0...-1] }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal false }
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe '#enough!' do
+      subject(:enough!) { multiboot2_info.enough! }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
+      end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        specify do
+          expect { enough! }.to raise_error(
+            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+            'The structure size is too small',
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 7 }
+
+        specify do
+          expect { enough! }.to raise_error(
+            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+            'The structure size is too small',
+          )
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe '#valid!' do
+      subject(:valid!) { multiboot2_info.valid! }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
+      end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        specify do
+          expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
+            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+            'The structure size is too small',
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 7 }
+
+        specify do
+          expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
+            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+            'The structure size is too small',
+          )
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when given size is greater than the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { "#{[info(16), tag_none].join}\x00" }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
+      end
+
+      context 'when given size is equal to the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { [info(16), tag_none].join }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
+      end
+
+      context 'when given size is lesser than the expected size' do
+        let(:data) { [info(16), tag_none].join[0...-1] }
+
+        specify do
+          expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
+            KernAux::Multiboot2::InvalidError,
+            'The structure is invalid',
+          )
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe '#total_size' do
+      subject(:total_size) { multiboot2_info.total_size }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal 16 }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal 864 }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal 1816 }
+      end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 7 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe '#reserved' do
+      subject(:reserved) { multiboot2_info.reserved }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal 0 }
+
+      context 'for the fixture 1' do
+        let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal 0 }
+      end
+
+      context 'for the fixture 2' do
+        let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal 0 }
+      end
+
+      context 'for empty data' do
+        let(:data) { '' }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
+
+      context 'for too small data' do
+        let(:data) { "\x00" * 7 }
+
+        it { is_expected.to equal nil }
+      end
+    end
+
+    def info(total_size)
+      total_size = Integer total_size
+
+      [
+        # uint32_t total_size
+        [total_size].pack('I'),
+        # uint32_t reserved
+        [0].pack('I'),
+      ].join
+    end
+
+    def tag_none
+      [
+        # uint32_t tags[0].type: none
+        [0].pack('I'),
+        # uint32_t tags[0].size
+        [8].pack('I'),
+      ].join
+    end
+  end
+end

From d8ceac67cb53c50859769595ad7cc5fe050ed0d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 11:39:26 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 32/40] Fix docs

---
 bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c  | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
index 08cee116..011b7f21 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
+++ b/bindings/ruby/ext/default/multiboot2.c
@@ -36,7 +36,18 @@ VALUE RBNS(Info)          = Qnil; // KernAux::Multiboot2::Info
  * KernAux::Multiboot2::Header *
  *******************************/
 
+/**
+ * Test whether a Multiboot 2 header data is not shorter than it's base.
+ *
+ * @return [Boolean]
+ */
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_enoughQN(VALUE self);
+
+/**
+ * Test whether a Multiboot 2 header is valid.
+ *
+ * @return [Boolean]
+ */
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_validQN(VALUE self);
 
 /**
@@ -79,7 +90,18 @@ static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Header_checksum(VALUE self);
  * KernAux::Multiboot2::Info *
  *****************************/
 
+/**
+ * Test whether a Multiboot 2 information data is not shorter than it's base.
+ *
+ * @return [Boolean]
+ */
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_enoughQN(VALUE self);
+
+/**
+ * Test whether a Multiboot 2 information is valid.
+ *
+ * @return [Boolean]
+ */
 static VALUE rb_KernAux_Multiboot2_Info_validQN(VALUE self);
 
 /**
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index d706a723..6003a83b 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ module KernAux
   #
   module Multiboot2
     ##
-    # Raised when a Multiboot 2 structure which is shorter than even it's base
-    # requested to be enough sized.
+    # Raised when a Multiboot 2 structure data which is shorter
+    # than even it's base requested to be enough sized.
     #
     # @see Struct#enough!
     #
@@ -40,15 +40,31 @@ def freeze
         self
       end
 
+      # :nocov:
+
+      ##
+      # Test whether a Multiboot 2 structure data is not shorter than it's base.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean]
+      #
       def enough?
         raise NotImplementedError, "#{self.class}#enough?"
       end
 
+      ##
+      # Test whether a Multiboot 2 structure is valid.
+      #
+      # @return [Boolean]
+      #
       def valid?
         raise NotImplementedError, "#{self.class}#valid?"
       end
 
+      # :nocov:
+
       ##
+      # @return [Struct] self
+      #
       # @raise [BaseSizeError] the structure size is too small
       #
       def enough!
@@ -58,6 +74,8 @@ def enough!
       end
 
       ##
+      # @return [Struct] self
+      #
       # @raise [BaseSizeError] the structure size is too small
       # @raise [InvalidError] the structure is invalid
       #

From f350f68a750c26d19a60073250fe260a815e56d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 11:44:58 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 33/40] Upgrade gems

---
 bindings/mruby/Gemfile        |  6 +++---
 bindings/ruby/kernaux.gemspec | 12 ++++++------
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/mruby/Gemfile b/bindings/mruby/Gemfile
index 50f4deb6..0c1c099f 100644
--- a/bindings/mruby/Gemfile
+++ b/bindings/mruby/Gemfile
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 source 'https://rubygems.org'
 
-gem 'bundler',             '~> 2.2'
+gem 'bundler',             '~> 2.3'
 gem 'rake',                '~> 13.0'
-gem 'rubocop',             '~> 1.25'
-gem 'rubocop-performance', '~> 1.13'
+gem 'rubocop',             '~> 1.40'
+gem 'rubocop-performance', '~> 1.15'
 gem 'rubocop-rake',        '~> 0.6'
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/kernaux.gemspec b/bindings/ruby/kernaux.gemspec
index 1dec6634..57d7d577 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/kernaux.gemspec
+++ b/bindings/ruby/kernaux.gemspec
@@ -45,15 +45,15 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
 
   spec.extensions << 'ext/default/extconf.rb'
 
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'bundler',             '~> 2.2'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'bundler',             '~> 2.3'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'pry',                 '~> 0.14'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'rake',                '~> 13.0'
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'rake-compiler',       '~> 1.1'
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'rspec',               '~> 3.10'
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop',             '~> 1.25'
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop-performance', '~> 1.13'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rake-compiler',       '~> 1.2'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rspec',               '~> 3.12'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop',             '~> 1.40'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop-performance', '~> 1.15'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop-rake',        '~> 0.6'
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop-rspec',       '~> 2.7'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'rubocop-rspec',       '~> 2.16'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'simplecov',           '~> 0.21'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'yard',                '~> 0.9'
 end

From 5d9de034be3c0d3bd6dc4ac468a67505e0a7c30b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 12:06:33 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 34/40] Add a shared example

---
 .../lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb     | 149 +-------------
 .../spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/info_spec.rb  | 149 +-------------
 .../spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb | 191 ++++++++++++++++++
 bindings/ruby/spec/spec_helper.rb             |   2 +
 4 files changed, 195 insertions(+), 296 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
index 6a78afbd..29510a3d 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/header_spec.rb
@@ -16,82 +16,11 @@
       )
     end
 
-    describe '#freeze' do
-      subject(:freeze) { multiboot2_header.freeze }
-
-      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
-
-      specify do
-        expect { freeze }.to \
-          change(multiboot2_header, :frozen?)
-          .from(false)
-          .to(true)
-      end
-
-      specify do
-        expect { freeze }.to change(data, :frozen?).from(false).to(true)
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe '#enough?' do
-      subject(:enough?) { multiboot2_header.enough? }
-
-      it { is_expected.to equal true }
-
-      context 'for the fixture 1' do
-        let(:fixture) { 1 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal true }
-      end
-
-      context 'for the fixture 2' do
-        let(:fixture) { 2 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal true }
-      end
-
-      context 'for empty data' do
-        let(:data) { '' }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal false }
-      end
-
-      context 'for too small data' do
-        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal false }
-      end
-    end
+    it_behaves_like 'Multiboot 2 struct', :header, 16
 
     describe '#valid?' do
       subject(:valid?) { multiboot2_header.valid? }
 
-      it { is_expected.to equal true }
-
-      context 'for the fixture 1' do
-        let(:fixture) { 1 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal true }
-      end
-
-      context 'for the fixture 2' do
-        let(:fixture) { 2 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal true }
-      end
-
-      context 'for empty data' do
-        let(:data) { '' }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal false }
-      end
-
-      context 'for too small data' do
-        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal false }
-      end
-
       context 'when given size is greater than the expected size' do
         let(:data) { "#{[header(0, 24), tag_none].join}\x00" }
 
@@ -111,85 +40,9 @@
       end
     end
 
-    describe '#enough!' do
-      subject(:enough!) { multiboot2_header.enough! }
-
-      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
-
-      context 'for the fixture 1' do
-        let(:fixture) { 1 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
-      end
-
-      context 'for the fixture 2' do
-        let(:fixture) { 2 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
-      end
-
-      context 'for empty data' do
-        let(:data) { '' }
-
-        specify do
-          expect { enough! }.to raise_error(
-            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
-            'The structure size is too small',
-          )
-        end
-      end
-
-      context 'for too small data' do
-        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
-
-        specify do
-          expect { enough! }.to raise_error(
-            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
-            'The structure size is too small',
-          )
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
     describe '#valid!' do
       subject(:valid!) { multiboot2_header.valid! }
 
-      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
-
-      context 'for the fixture 1' do
-        let(:fixture) { 1 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
-      end
-
-      context 'for the fixture 2' do
-        let(:fixture) { 2 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_header }
-      end
-
-      context 'for empty data' do
-        let(:data) { '' }
-
-        specify do
-          expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
-            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
-            'The structure size is too small',
-          )
-        end
-      end
-
-      context 'for too small data' do
-        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
-
-        specify do
-          expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
-            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
-            'The structure size is too small',
-          )
-        end
-      end
-
       context 'when given size is greater than the expected size' do
         let(:data) { "#{[header(0, 24), tag_none].join}\x00" }
 
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/info_spec.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/info_spec.rb
index 6c26e7df..aaf252a3 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/info_spec.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/lib/kernaux/multiboot2/info_spec.rb
@@ -16,82 +16,11 @@
       )
     end
 
-    describe '#freeze' do
-      subject(:freeze) { multiboot2_info.freeze }
-
-      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
-
-      specify do
-        expect { freeze }.to \
-          change(multiboot2_info, :frozen?)
-          .from(false)
-          .to(true)
-      end
-
-      specify do
-        expect { freeze }.to change(data, :frozen?).from(false).to(true)
-      end
-    end
-
-    describe '#enough?' do
-      subject(:enough?) { multiboot2_info.enough? }
-
-      it { is_expected.to equal true }
-
-      context 'for the fixture 1' do
-        let(:fixture) { 1 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal true }
-      end
-
-      context 'for the fixture 2' do
-        let(:fixture) { 2 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal true }
-      end
-
-      context 'for empty data' do
-        let(:data) { '' }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal false }
-      end
-
-      context 'for too small data' do
-        let(:data) { "\x00" * 7 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal false }
-      end
-    end
+    it_behaves_like 'Multiboot 2 struct', :info, 8
 
     describe '#valid?' do
       subject(:valid?) { multiboot2_info.valid? }
 
-      it { is_expected.to equal true }
-
-      context 'for the fixture 1' do
-        let(:fixture) { 1 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal true }
-      end
-
-      context 'for the fixture 2' do
-        let(:fixture) { 2 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal true }
-      end
-
-      context 'for empty data' do
-        let(:data) { '' }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal false }
-      end
-
-      context 'for too small data' do
-        let(:data) { "\x00" * 15 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal false }
-      end
-
       context 'when given size is greater than the expected size' do
         let(:data) { "#{[info(16), tag_none].join}\x00" }
 
@@ -111,85 +40,9 @@
       end
     end
 
-    describe '#enough!' do
-      subject(:enough!) { multiboot2_info.enough! }
-
-      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
-
-      context 'for the fixture 1' do
-        let(:fixture) { 1 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
-      end
-
-      context 'for the fixture 2' do
-        let(:fixture) { 2 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
-      end
-
-      context 'for empty data' do
-        let(:data) { '' }
-
-        specify do
-          expect { enough! }.to raise_error(
-            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
-            'The structure size is too small',
-          )
-        end
-      end
-
-      context 'for too small data' do
-        let(:data) { "\x00" * 7 }
-
-        specify do
-          expect { enough! }.to raise_error(
-            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
-            'The structure size is too small',
-          )
-        end
-      end
-    end
-
     describe '#valid!' do
       subject(:valid!) { multiboot2_info.valid! }
 
-      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
-
-      context 'for the fixture 1' do
-        let(:fixture) { 1 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
-      end
-
-      context 'for the fixture 2' do
-        let(:fixture) { 2 }
-
-        it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_info }
-      end
-
-      context 'for empty data' do
-        let(:data) { '' }
-
-        specify do
-          expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
-            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
-            'The structure size is too small',
-          )
-        end
-      end
-
-      context 'for too small data' do
-        let(:data) { "\x00" * 7 }
-
-        specify do
-          expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
-            KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
-            'The structure size is too small',
-          )
-        end
-      end
-
       context 'when given size is greater than the expected size' do
         let(:data) { "#{[info(16), tag_none].join}\x00" }
 
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..52aa138a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+RSpec.shared_examples 'Multiboot 2 struct' do |struct_name, min_size|
+  struct_name = String(struct_name).to_sym
+  min_size = Integer min_size
+
+  subject(:multiboot2_struct) { described_class.new data }
+
+  let(:data) { File.read fixture_path }
+  let(:fixture) { 0 }
+
+  let :fixture_path do
+    File.expand_path(
+      "../../../../fixtures/multiboot2_#{struct_name}_example#{fixture}.bin",
+      __dir__,
+    )
+  end
+
+  describe '#freeze' do
+    subject(:freeze) { multiboot2_struct.freeze }
+
+    it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_struct }
+
+    specify do
+      expect { freeze }.to \
+        change(multiboot2_struct, :frozen?)
+        .from(false)
+        .to(true)
+    end
+
+    specify do
+      expect { freeze }.to change(data, :frozen?).from(false).to(true)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#enough?' do
+    subject(:enough?) { multiboot2_struct.enough? }
+
+    context 'for the fixture 0' do
+      let(:fixture) { 0 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal true }
+    end
+
+    context 'for the fixture 1' do
+      let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal true }
+    end
+
+    context 'for the fixture 2' do
+      let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal true }
+    end
+
+    context 'for empty data' do
+      let(:data) { '' }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal false }
+    end
+
+    context 'for too small data' do
+      let(:data) { "\x00" * (min_size - 1) }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal false }
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#valid?' do
+    subject(:valid?) { multiboot2_struct.valid? }
+
+    context 'for the fixture 0' do
+      let(:fixture) { 0 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal true }
+    end
+
+    context 'for the fixture 1' do
+      let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal true }
+    end
+
+    context 'for the fixture 2' do
+      let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal true }
+    end
+
+    context 'for empty data' do
+      let(:data) { '' }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal false }
+    end
+
+    context 'for too small data' do
+      let(:data) { "\x00" * (min_size - 1) }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal false }
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#enough!' do
+    subject(:enough!) { multiboot2_struct.enough! }
+
+    context 'for the fixture 0' do
+      let(:fixture) { 0 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_struct }
+    end
+
+    context 'for the fixture 1' do
+      let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_struct }
+    end
+
+    context 'for the fixture 2' do
+      let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_struct }
+    end
+
+    context 'for empty data' do
+      let(:data) { '' }
+
+      specify do
+        expect { enough! }.to raise_error(
+          KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+          'The structure size is too small',
+        )
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'for too small data' do
+      let(:data) { "\x00" * (min_size - 1) }
+
+      specify do
+        expect { enough! }.to raise_error(
+          KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+          'The structure size is too small',
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#valid!' do
+    subject(:valid!) { multiboot2_struct.valid! }
+
+    context 'for the fixture 0' do
+      let(:fixture) { 0 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_struct }
+    end
+
+    context 'for the fixture 1' do
+      let(:fixture) { 1 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_struct }
+    end
+
+    context 'for the fixture 2' do
+      let(:fixture) { 2 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to equal multiboot2_struct }
+    end
+
+    context 'for empty data' do
+      let(:data) { '' }
+
+      specify do
+        expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
+          KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+          'The structure size is too small',
+        )
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'for too small data' do
+      let(:data) { "\x00" * (min_size - 1) }
+
+      specify do
+        expect { valid! }.to raise_error(
+          KernAux::Multiboot2::BaseSizeError,
+          'The structure size is too small',
+        )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/spec_helper.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/spec_helper.rb
index 7d7af858..f707405e 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/spec_helper.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 
 require 'yaml'
 
+Dir[File.expand_path('shared_examples/*.rb', __dir__)].each { |f| require f }
+
 RSpec.configure do |config|
   # rspec-expectations config goes here. You can use an alternate
   # assertion/expectation library such as wrong or the stdlib/minitest

From b5837016e8751ccea371f622278bd6ce96866a9c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 12:27:06 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 35/40] Add method KernAux::Multiboot2::Struct#inspect

---
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb       | 12 ++++++
 .../spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb | 38 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 50 insertions(+)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 6003a83b..f826e7fe 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -31,6 +31,18 @@ def initialize(data = '')
         freeze if @data.frozen?
       end
 
+      ##
+      # @return [String]
+      #
+      def inspect
+        '#<' \
+        "#{self.class}" \
+        ':' \
+        "#{@data[...16].force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII).inspect}" \
+        "#{'...' if @data.size > 16}" \
+        '>'.freeze
+      end
+
       ##
       # Freeze the structure and it's underlying data.
       #
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb
index 52aa138a..f24877ba 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb
@@ -16,6 +16,44 @@
     )
   end
 
+  describe '#inspect' do
+    subject(:inspect) { multiboot2_struct.inspect }
+
+    context 'when data is empty' do
+      let(:data) { '' }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of String }
+      it { is_expected.to be_frozen }
+      it { is_expected.to eq "#<#{described_class}:\"\">" }
+    end
+
+    context 'when data is not too long' do
+      let(:data) { "\x00" * 16 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of String }
+      it { is_expected.to be_frozen }
+
+      specify do
+        expect(inspect).to eq \
+          "#<#{described_class}:" \
+          "#{data.force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII).inspect}>"
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when data is too long' do
+      let(:data) { "\x00" * 17 }
+
+      it { is_expected.to be_instance_of String }
+      it { is_expected.to be_frozen }
+
+      specify do
+        expect(inspect).to eq \
+          "#<#{described_class}:" \
+          "#{data[...16].force_encoding(Encoding::ASCII).inspect}...>"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   describe '#freeze' do
     subject(:freeze) { multiboot2_struct.freeze }
 

From 82aff9492cc179b12c8bff91c4c513307c228ba6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 12:39:45 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 36/40] Fix FreeBSD build

---
 bindings/mruby/Gemfile        | 2 +-
 bindings/ruby/kernaux.gemspec | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/mruby/Gemfile b/bindings/mruby/Gemfile
index 0c1c099f..b8c2348f 100644
--- a/bindings/mruby/Gemfile
+++ b/bindings/mruby/Gemfile
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 source 'https://rubygems.org'
 
-gem 'bundler',             '~> 2.3'
+gem 'bundler',             '~> 2.2'
 gem 'rake',                '~> 13.0'
 gem 'rubocop',             '~> 1.40'
 gem 'rubocop-performance', '~> 1.15'
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/kernaux.gemspec b/bindings/ruby/kernaux.gemspec
index 57d7d577..a88d8e64 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/kernaux.gemspec
+++ b/bindings/ruby/kernaux.gemspec
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
 
   spec.extensions << 'ext/default/extconf.rb'
 
-  spec.add_development_dependency 'bundler',             '~> 2.3'
+  spec.add_development_dependency 'bundler',             '~> 2.2'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'pry',                 '~> 0.14'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'rake',                '~> 13.0'
   spec.add_development_dependency 'rake-compiler',       '~> 1.2'

From e1fe88be2069d71d147a84f82a39c08cbd00b804 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Dec 2022 13:08:39 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 37/40] Edit docs

---
 README.md                               | 2 +-
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb | 6 +++++-
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 833b7618..0abe55ff 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ zero). Work-in-progress APIs can change at any time.
   * [Feature macros](/include/kernaux/version.h.in) (*work in progress*)
   * [Macros](/include/kernaux/macro.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.6.0**)
     * [Example: packing](/examples/macro_packing.c)
+    * [Example: BITS](/examples/macro_bits.c)
     * [Example: CAST\_\*](/examples/macro_cast.c);
     * [Example: CONTAINER\_OF](/examples/macro_container_of.c)
-    * [Example: BITS](/examples/macro_bits.c)
     * [Example: STATIC\_TEST\*](/examples/macro_static_test.c)
   * [Assertions](/include/kernaux/assert.h) (*non-breaking since* **0.4.0**)
     * [Example: Assert](/examples/assert.c)
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index f826e7fe..72bc75e5 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ class BaseSizeError < Error; end
     class InvalidError < Error; end
 
     ##
-    # The base class for any Multiboot 2 structure.
+    # The base class for Multiboot 2 {Header} and {Info}.
+    #
+    # @abstract It requires an implementation in C to use **libkernaux**.
     #
     class Struct
       def initialize(data = '')
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ def freeze
       ##
       # Test whether a Multiboot 2 structure data is not shorter than it's base.
       #
+      # @abstract
       # @return [Boolean]
       #
       def enough?
@@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ def enough?
       ##
       # Test whether a Multiboot 2 structure is valid.
       #
+      # @abstract
       # @return [Boolean]
       #
       def valid?

From 3e1fd1e614f7e672db7b3bfbe34ac9112949dd02 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 13:18:26 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 38/40] Add methods KernAux::Multiboot2::Struct#data, #to_s

---
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb          |  7 +++++++
 .../spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb    | 16 ++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 72bc75e5..9df9a8b0 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -28,11 +28,18 @@ class InvalidError < Error; end
     # @abstract It requires an implementation in C to use **libkernaux**.
     #
     class Struct
+      ##
+      # @return [String]
+      #
+      attr_reader :data
+
       def initialize(data = '')
         @data = String data
         freeze if @data.frozen?
       end
 
+      alias to_s data
+
       ##
       # @return [String]
       #
diff --git a/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb b/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb
index f24877ba..b3008a29 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/spec/shared_examples/multiboot2_struct.rb
@@ -16,6 +16,18 @@
     )
   end
 
+  describe '#data' do
+    subject { multiboot2_struct.data }
+
+    it { is_expected.to equal data }
+  end
+
+  describe '#to_s' do
+    subject { multiboot2_struct.to_s }
+
+    it { is_expected.to equal data }
+  end
+
   describe '#inspect' do
     subject(:inspect) { multiboot2_struct.inspect }
 
@@ -72,7 +84,7 @@
   end
 
   describe '#enough?' do
-    subject(:enough?) { multiboot2_struct.enough? }
+    subject { multiboot2_struct.enough? }
 
     context 'for the fixture 0' do
       let(:fixture) { 0 }
@@ -106,7 +118,7 @@
   end
 
   describe '#valid?' do
-    subject(:valid?) { multiboot2_struct.valid? }
+    subject { multiboot2_struct.valid? }
 
     context 'for the fixture 0' do
       let(:fixture) { 0 }

From 16978c545ad47e032d5462604685b4f26238b3f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 19 Dec 2022 13:21:31 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 39/40] Remove unnecessary code

---
 bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
index 9df9a8b0..64dc0412 100644
--- a/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
+++ b/bindings/ruby/lib/kernaux/multiboot2.rb
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ def inspect
       def freeze
         @data.freeze
         super
-        self
       end
 
       # :nocov:

From 519b70e90d9588f82c56ffd212cacaa718daa5ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Alex Kotov <kotovalexarian@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Dec 2022 14:39:45 +0400
Subject: [PATCH 40/40] Yank gems and crates

---
 sha256sums.txt | 9 ---------
 1 file changed, 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sha256sums.txt b/sha256sums.txt
index 2fc1a693..8abfd286 100644
--- a/sha256sums.txt
+++ b/sha256sums.txt
@@ -14,15 +14,6 @@ c0bc0ed3c396893797912356366068ad04054ade23e293bbf61c72975165a3fc  kernaux-0.5.0.
 da5fbc5ad8d0d1f3c7a9c8627b59bb9c670893eed800f7b2190c81767f8bb70f  kernaux-0.5.0.gem
 #
 893292882e0b658d92e104dc0d2974d61daca60efdf9fdf80996c3db54b0cab2  libkernaux-0.4.0.tar.gz
-eb27d72d658f87638998cdb0056018edd49cc8f1144e23a1e00f7921a6bbd5b2  kernaux-0.4.0.crate
-ee0d63d1f86113f3f652427b908da27fda7be496b5bdbba9947977891b2e50ef  kernaux-sys-0.4.0.crate
-2c765894b10830abc5945b003d465515fb28b964f1e2f7cdd5594bbf1cdbce97  kernaux-0.4.0.gem
-#
 6887939c01b65a4e864d47f103a06a6ad1639f4bffaa5582c95252c4646c8d2a  libkernaux-0.3.0.tar.gz
-564e5a58a854dd6b2b4e212ebac9c76a099971a2fa95324916de07b67f46934c  kernaux-0.3.0.crate
-1fddd0383dcce818273f305fffd0c7153d3772fcaf78dae38c30dae4f0960a25  kernaux-sys-0.3.0.crate
-986b84827466d4ba7244c2e3ba41502a7984156346613af545946423f913d520  kernaux-0.3.0.gem
-#
-# Yanked:
 00b22e28ecddde5beca8b7d425d91eaf3634ee1d9df0bcf9565938d02353cd49  libkernaux-0.2.0.tar.gz
 b80c1d94519a43bd92c2b1a7626bdb5af5aa98dd993b2332d56449b0be7dbc8f  libkernaux-0.1.0.tar.gz