diff --git a/src/postgrest/src/postgrest/base_request_builder.py b/src/postgrest/src/postgrest/base_request_builder.py
index c9c4af2f..32f696bb 100644
--- a/src/postgrest/src/postgrest/base_request_builder.py
+++ b/src/postgrest/src/postgrest/base_request_builder.py
@@ -274,11 +274,27 @@ def __init__(self, request: RequestConfig[C]) -> None:
         self.request: RequestConfig[C] = request
         self.negate_next = False
 
+    def _clone(self: Self) -> Self:
+        clone = self.__class__(
+            RequestConfig(
+                session=self.request.session,
+                path=self.request.path,
+                http_method=self.request.http_method,
+                headers=Headers(self.request.headers),
+                params=QueryParams(self.request.params),
+                auth=self.request.auth,
+                json=self.request.json,
+            )
+        )
+        clone.negate_next = self.negate_next
+        return clone
+
     @property
     def not_(self: Self) -> Self:
         """Whether the filter applied next should be negated."""
-        self.negate_next = True
-        return self
+        builder = self._clone()
+        builder.negate_next = True
+        return builder
 
     def filter(self: Self, column: str, operator: str, criteria: str) -> Self:
         """Apply filters on a query.
@@ -288,12 +304,13 @@ def filter(self: Self, column: str, operator: str, criteria: str) -> Self:
             operator: The operator to use while filtering
             criteria: The value to filter by
         """
-        if self.negate_next is True:
-            self.negate_next = False
+        builder = self._clone()
+        if builder.negate_next is True:
+            builder.negate_next = False
             operator = f"{Filters.NOT}.{operator}"
         key, val = sanitize_param(column), f"{operator}.{criteria}"
-        self.request.params = self.request.params.add(key, val)
-        return self
+        builder.request.params = builder.request.params.add(key, val)
+        return builder
 
     def eq(self: Self, column: str, value: Any) -> Self:
         """An 'equal to' filter.
@@ -425,9 +442,10 @@ def or_(self: Self, filters: str, reference_table: Optional[str] = None) -> Self
             filters: The filters to use, following PostgREST syntax
             reference_table: Set this to filter on referenced tables instead of the parent table
         """
+        builder = self._clone()
         key = f"{sanitize_param(reference_table)}.or" if reference_table else "or"
-        self.request.params = self.request.params.add(key, f"({filters})")
-        return self
+        builder.request.params = builder.request.params.add(key, f"({filters})")
+        return builder
 
     def fts(self: Self, column: str, query: Any) -> Self:
         return self.filter(column, Filters.FTS, query)
@@ -532,7 +550,7 @@ def match(self: Self, query: Dict[str, Any]) -> Self:
             )
 
         for key, value in query.items():
-            updated_query = self.eq(key, value)
+            updated_query = updated_query.eq(key, value)
 
         return updated_query
 
diff --git a/src/postgrest/tests/_async/test_filter_request_builder.py b/src/postgrest/tests/_async/test_filter_request_builder.py
index e4a63eb9..22ac68aa 100644
--- a/src/postgrest/tests/_async/test_filter_request_builder.py
+++ b/src/postgrest/tests/_async/test_filter_request_builder.py
@@ -298,3 +298,13 @@ def test_max_affected_returns_self(filter_request_builder):
     builder = filter_request_builder.max_affected(1)
 
     assert builder is filter_request_builder
+
+
+def test_filter_builders_are_immutable(filter_request_builder):
+    base_query = filter_request_builder.eq("account_id", "abc")
+    first_query = base_query.in_("id", ["1", "2", "3"])
+    second_query = base_query.in_("id", ["4", "5", "6"])
+
+    assert str(base_query.request.params) == "account_id=eq.abc"
+    assert str(first_query.request.params) == "account_id=eq.abc&id=in.%281%2C2%2C3%29"
+    assert str(second_query.request.params) == "account_id=eq.abc&id=in.%284%2C5%2C6%29"
diff --git a/src/postgrest/tests/_sync/test_filter_request_builder.py b/src/postgrest/tests/_sync/test_filter_request_builder.py
index c5c5c1d8..163ea770 100644
--- a/src/postgrest/tests/_sync/test_filter_request_builder.py
+++ b/src/postgrest/tests/_sync/test_filter_request_builder.py
@@ -298,3 +298,13 @@ def test_max_affected_returns_self(filter_request_builder):
     builder = filter_request_builder.max_affected(1)
 
     assert builder is filter_request_builder
+
+
+def test_filter_builders_are_immutable(filter_request_builder):
+    base_query = filter_request_builder.eq("account_id", "abc")
+    first_query = base_query.in_("id", ["1", "2", "3"])
+    second_query = base_query.in_("id", ["4", "5", "6"])
+
+    assert str(base_query.request.params) == "account_id=eq.abc"
+    assert str(first_query.request.params) == "account_id=eq.abc&id=in.%281%2C2%2C3%29"
+    assert str(second_query.request.params) == "account_id=eq.abc&id=in.%284%2C5%2C6%29"