diff --git a/FormalConjectures/ErdosProblems/114.lean b/FormalConjectures/ErdosProblems/114.lean new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bcd350c103 --- /dev/null +++ b/FormalConjectures/ErdosProblems/114.lean @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +/- +Copyright 2026 The Formal Conjectures Authors. + +Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); +you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. +You may obtain a copy of the License at + + http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 + +Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software +distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, +WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. +See the License for the specific language governing permissions and +limitations under the License. +-/ + +import FormalConjectures.Util.ProblemImports + +/-! +# Erdős Problem 114 + +*Reference:* [erdosproblems.com/114](https://www.erdosproblems.com/114) + +The **Erdős–Herzog–Piranian (EHP) conjecture** (1958): among all monic polynomials +$p$ of degree $n$, the arc length of the lemniscate $\{z \in \mathbb{C} \mid |p(z)| = 1\}$ +is maximised uniquely by $p(z) = z^n - c$, $|c| = 1$. + +### Known partial results + +- **$n = 2$**: Eremenko–Hayman (1999) [EH99] +- **$3 \leq n \leq 14$**: Mendoza (2026), IEEE 1788-rigorous interval arithmetic, + [doi:10.5281/zenodo.19480329](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19480329) +- **Sufficiently large $n$**: Tao (2025) [Ta25] +- **Upper bound**: $L(p) \leq 2\pi n$ for all monic degree-$n$ $p$ (Pommerenke, 1961) + +### References + +- [EHP58] Erdős, P., Herzog, F., Piranian, G. (1958). *Metric properties of polynomials*. + J. Analyse Math. 6, 125–148. +- [Po61] Pommerenke, Ch. (1961). *Über die Kapazität ebener Kontinuen*. + Math. Ann. 144, 115–120. +- [EH99] Eremenko, A., Hayman, W. (1999). *On the length of lemniscates*. + Michigan Math. J. 46, 409–415. +- [Ta25] Tao, T. (2025). *The Erdős–Herzog–Piranian conjecture for large $n$*. +-/ + +namespace Erdos114 + +/-- The level curve (lemniscate) of a polynomial `p` at level 1: +$\{z \in \mathbb{C} \mid \|p(z)\| = 1\}$. -/ +def levelCurveUnit (p : Polynomial ℂ) : Set ℂ := + {z : ℂ | ‖p.eval z‖ = 1} + +/-- The arc length of the lemniscate of `p`, measured as the +1-dimensional Hausdorff measure of the level curve. -/ +noncomputable def arcLength (p : Polynomial ℂ) : ℝ≥0∞ := + MeasureTheory.Measure.hausdorffMeasure 1 (levelCurveUnit p) + +/-- **Erdős Problem 114** (open conjecture). Among all monic polynomials of +degree $n$, $p(z) = z^n - c$ (with $|c| = 1$) maximises the arc length of the +lemniscate $\{z \in \mathbb{C} \mid |p(z)| = 1\}$. + +Originally posed by Erdős, Herzog, and Piranian [EHP58]. Solved for $n = 2$ +[EH99], $3 \leq n \leq 14$ (Mendoza, 2026), and sufficiently large $n$ [Ta25]. +Open in general. -/ +@[category research open, AMS 30] +theorem erdos_114 (n : ℕ) (hn : 1 ≤ n) + (p : Polynomial ℂ) (hp : p.Monic) (hp_deg : p.natDegree = n) : + arcLength p ≤ arcLength (Polynomial.X ^ n - 1) := by + sorry + +/-- **Erdős Problem 114, small $n$** (solved, computationally certified). +For $3 \leq n \leq 14$, the polynomial $z^n - c$ ($|c| = 1$) maximises the arc +length of the lemniscate among all monic polynomials of degree $n$. + +Verified by IEEE 1788-rigorous interval arithmetic using branch-and-bound +(Python/mpmath for $n \leq 12$, Rust/inari for $n \leq 14$). Each case reduces +to a finite computation over a compact parameter space, with all bounds certified +to floating-point rigor per IEEE 1788-2015. + +*Reference:* K. Mendoza (2026). +[doi:10.5281/zenodo.19480329](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19480329) -/ +@[category research solved, AMS 30] +theorem erdos_114_small_n (n : ℕ) (hn : 3 ≤ n) (hn14 : n ≤ 14) + (p : Polynomial ℂ) (hp : p.Monic) (hp_deg : p.natDegree = n) : + arcLength p ≤ arcLength (Polynomial.X ^ n - 1) := by + sorry + +end Erdos114