diff --git a/.github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh b/.github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..bfc72db98788
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# Generate the CodSpeed benchmark matrix.
+#
+# Emits to stdout a compact JSON array of {"crate","bench"} objects — one per
+# `[[bench]]` target in the selected workspace crates. Each object becomes one
+# CodSpeed shard (`cargo codspeed run -p <crate> --bench <bench>`). Sharding
+# one job per bench target keeps every shard under CodSpeed's hard per-upload
+# limit of 1000 benchmarks, on the assumption that no single bench target
+# defines >1000 benchmark cases. If a target ever crosses that line, split the
+# bench source rather than reworking the sharding here.
+#
+# Targets are discovered structurally via `cargo metadata` (no Cargo.toml text
+# parsing, no hardcoded crate list), so new crates and new `[[bench]]` targets
+# are picked up automatically.
+#
+# A bench target is dropped from the matrix when its crate's Cargo.toml marks
+# it skipped:
+#
+#   [package.metadata.codspeed.benches]
+#   merge_kernels = { skip = true }   # broken at runtime, fix and remove
+#
+# cargo surfaces that table at .packages[].metadata.codspeed.benches, so the
+# skip list lives next to the bench in the crate that owns it.
+#
+# Usage:
+#   codspeed-matrix.sh                # every workspace crate
+#   codspeed-matrix.sh arrow parquet  # only the named crates (must be members)
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+metadata="$(cargo metadata --format-version 1 --no-deps)"
+
+# Reject explicitly-requested crates that are not workspace members, so a typo
+# in a `bench:<crate>` label fails loudly instead of silently benching nothing.
+if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
+  members="$(jq -r '.packages[].name' <<<"$metadata")"
+  for crate in "$@"; do
+    if ! grep -qxF "$crate" <<<"$members"; then
+      echo "::error::Unknown workspace crate '$crate'" >&2
+      exit 1
+    fi
+  done
+fi
+
+selected="$(printf '%s\n' "$@" | jq -Rsc 'split("\n") | map(select(length > 0))')"
+
+jq -c \
+  --argjson selected "$selected" '
+  [ .packages[]
+    | .name as $crate
+    | (.metadata.codspeed.benches // {}) as $cfg
+    | select(($selected | length) == 0 or ($selected | index($crate)))
+    | .targets[]
+    | select(.kind | index("bench"))
+    | select(($cfg[.name].skip // false) | not)
+    | { crate: $crate, bench: .name }
+  ]
+' <<<"$metadata"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codspeed-pr.yml b/.github/workflows/codspeed-pr.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..80b6905dd552
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codspeed-pr.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# Opt-in CodSpeed benchmarking for pull requests, gated by labels and
+# sharded one job per `[[bench]]` target in each selected crate.
+#
+# Label convention (managed manually on each PR):
+#
+#   bench:all                        # every [[bench]] in the workspace
+#   bench:<crate>                    # every [[bench]] in that crate
+#   bench:<crate> bench:<crate>      # union
+#
+# Where <crate> is a workspace member name, e.g. `bench:arrow`,
+# `bench:parquet`, `bench:arrow-cast`. `bench:all` short-circuits and
+# supersedes any per-crate labels.
+#
+# Topology mirrors codspeed.yml (setup + build run in parallel; bench
+# is a matrix that downloads the build artifact and runs one bench
+# target per shard). The `setup` job additionally filters the matrix
+# by labels.
+#
+# Authorization: only users with write access to the repo can add
+# labels, so the label is itself the authorization gate.
+#
+# Baseline: native `pull_request` event → CodSpeed compares against
+# the base branch's latest CodSpeed report automatically.
+#
+# Fork PR caveat: workflows triggered by `pull_request` from fork PRs
+# do not get an OIDC token. For benches on fork PRs, push the branch
+# to this repo and label it there.
+
+name: codspeed-pr
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    types: [labeled, synchronize, opened, reopened]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+env:
+  CODSPEED_FEATURES: arrow/test_utils,arrow/csv,arrow/json,arrow/chrono-tz,arrow/prettyprint,arrow-schema/ffi,parquet/arrow,parquet/async,parquet/test_common,parquet/experimental,parquet/object_store
+
+jobs:
+  setup:
+    # Run only if at least one `bench:*` label is currently attached.
+    # The toJSON serialization wraps each label name in double quotes,
+    # so searching for `"bench:` matches only at the start of a label
+    # name.
+    if: contains(toJSON(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name), '"bench:')
+    name: Generate bench matrix
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      matrix: ${{ steps.gen.outputs.matrix }}
+      scope: ${{ steps.gen.outputs.scope }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Resolve crates from labels and emit per-bench-target matrix
+        id: gen
+        env:
+          LABELS: ${{ toJSON(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name) }}
+        # Discovery + the known-broken exclusion list live in the shared
+        # codspeed-matrix.sh (also used by codspeed.yml). `bench:all` passes
+        # no crate args (every crate); otherwise each `bench:<crate>` suffix
+        # is forwarded as an arg and validated against the workspace members
+        # by the script.
+        run: |
+          suffixes="$(jq -r '.[] | select(startswith("bench:")) | sub("^bench:"; "")' <<<"$LABELS")"
+
+          if grep -qx "all" <<<"$suffixes"; then
+            scope="full workspace (bench:all)"
+            matrix="$(bash .github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh)"
+          else
+            scope="$(echo $suffixes | tr '\n' ' ')"
+            # Intentionally unquoted: each whitespace-separated suffix is a
+            # separate crate argument.
+            matrix="$(bash .github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh $suffixes)"
+          fi
+
+          echo "matrix=$matrix" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "scope=$scope" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "::notice::Scope: $scope ($(jq length <<<"$matrix") bench shards, known-broken targets excluded)"
+
+  build:
+    # Gate on the same label condition as setup so we don't build when
+    # there are no benches to run.
+    if: contains(toJSON(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name), '"bench:')
+    name: Build workspace benchmarks
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          submodules: true
+
+      - name: Install protoc
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler
+
+      - name: Setup Rust toolchain, cache and cargo-codspeed
+        uses: moonrepo/setup-rust@v1
+        with:
+          channel: stable
+          cache-target: release
+          bins: cargo-codspeed
+
+      - name: Build benchmarks
+        run: cargo codspeed build --workspace --features "$CODSPEED_FEATURES"
+
+      - name: Pack bench binaries into a tarball
+        # actions/upload-artifact does not preserve Unix executable
+        # bits, so bench binaries downloaded by shards would otherwise
+        # land as 644 and fail with EACCES under `cargo codspeed run`.
+        run: tar -cf codspeed-binaries.tar -C target codspeed
+
+      - name: Upload built bench binaries
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: codspeed-binaries
+          path: codspeed-binaries.tar
+          retention-days: 1
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  bench:
+    needs: [setup, build]
+    name: ${{ matrix.config.crate }} / ${{ matrix.config.bench }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        config: ${{ fromJson(needs.setup.outputs.matrix) }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          submodules: true
+
+      - name: Install cargo-codspeed
+        uses: moonrepo/setup-rust@v1
+        with:
+          channel: stable
+          bins: cargo-codspeed
+
+      - name: Download built bench binaries
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: codspeed-binaries
+          path: .
+
+      - name: Unpack bench binaries (preserves executable bits)
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p target
+          tar -xf codspeed-binaries.tar -C target
+
+      - name: Run single bench target
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@v4
+        with:
+          mode: simulation
+          run: cargo codspeed run -p ${{ matrix.config.crate }} --bench ${{ matrix.config.bench }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codspeed.yml b/.github/workflows/codspeed.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..00e81e1145e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codspeed.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# Continuous benchmarking on CodSpeed.
+#
+# Runs the full workspace bench suite on every push to main, sharded
+# one job per `[[bench]]` target. Sharding at this granularity is
+# required because both crate-level shards (e.g. parquet alone has 16
+# bench targets producing >1000 benchmarks) and the workspace as a
+# whole exceed CodSpeed's 1000-benchmark per-upload limit. Jobs in the
+# same workflow are auto-aggregated by CodSpeed into one report.
+# https://codspeed.io/docs/features/sharded-benchmarks
+#
+# Topology:
+#
+#   setup ─┐
+#          ├──→ bench (matrix, ~78 jobs)
+#   build ─┘
+#
+# `setup` discovers every `[[bench]]` target via `cargo metadata` (see
+# codspeed-matrix.sh) and emits a {crate, bench} matrix. `build` does the
+# full-workspace
+# `cargo codspeed build` exactly once and uploads
+# `target/codspeed/<mode>/` as an artifact. `bench` shards download the
+# artifact and run a single bench target each via the CodSpeed action;
+# no rebuild per shard.
+#
+# Auth is via GitHub OIDC; the workflow's `id-token` claim is what
+# CodSpeed verifies, so no secret token is required.
+#
+# The `criterion` workspace dependency is renamed to
+# `codspeed-criterion-compat`, so existing `use criterion::*` benches
+# work unmodified; outside of CodSpeed the compat layer falls back to
+# standard criterion behavior.
+
+name: codspeed
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.repository }}-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.sha }}
+  cancel-in-progress: false
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
+
+env:
+  CODSPEED_FEATURES: arrow/test_utils,arrow/csv,arrow/json,arrow/chrono-tz,arrow/prettyprint,arrow-schema/ffi,parquet/arrow,parquet/async,parquet/test_common,parquet/experimental,parquet/object_store
+
+jobs:
+  setup:
+    name: Generate bench matrix
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      matrix: ${{ steps.gen.outputs.matrix }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Generate {crate, bench} matrix across the workspace
+        id: gen
+        # Discovery + the known-broken exclusion list live in the shared
+        # codspeed-matrix.sh (also used by codspeed-pr.yml) so they stay in
+        # one place. No args = every workspace crate.
+        run: |
+          matrix="$(bash .github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh)"
+          echo "matrix=$matrix" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "::notice::Generated $(jq length <<<"$matrix") bench shards (one per bench target, known-broken targets excluded)"
+
+  build:
+    name: Build workspace benchmarks
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 60
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          submodules: true
+
+      - name: Install protoc
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y protobuf-compiler
+
+      - name: Setup Rust toolchain, cache and cargo-codspeed
+        uses: moonrepo/setup-rust@v1
+        with:
+          channel: stable
+          cache-target: release
+          bins: cargo-codspeed
+
+      - name: Build benchmarks
+        # The --features list enables every feature any workspace bench
+        # target gates behind `required-features`; without these those
+        # benches silently aren't built.
+        run: cargo codspeed build --workspace --features "$CODSPEED_FEATURES"
+
+      - name: Pack bench binaries into a tarball
+        # actions/upload-artifact does not preserve Unix executable
+        # bits, so downloaded bench binaries land as 644 and
+        # `cargo codspeed run` then fails with EACCES. Tar preserves
+        # mode bits, so we wrap the directory before upload.
+        run: tar -cf codspeed-binaries.tar -C target codspeed
+
+      - name: Upload built bench binaries
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: codspeed-binaries
+          path: codspeed-binaries.tar
+          retention-days: 1
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  bench:
+    needs: [setup, build]
+    name: ${{ matrix.config.crate }} / ${{ matrix.config.bench }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        config: ${{ fromJson(needs.setup.outputs.matrix) }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          submodules: true
+
+      - name: Install cargo-codspeed
+        uses: moonrepo/setup-rust@v1
+        with:
+          channel: stable
+          bins: cargo-codspeed
+
+      - name: Download built bench binaries
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: codspeed-binaries
+          path: .
+
+      - name: Unpack bench binaries (preserves executable bits)
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p target
+          tar -xf codspeed-binaries.tar -C target
+
+      - name: Run single bench target
+        uses: CodSpeedHQ/action@v4
+        with:
+          mode: simulation
+          run: cargo codspeed run -p ${{ matrix.config.crate }} --bench ${{ matrix.config.bench }}
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 28fe6a43a5c5..499fa306ba65 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -46,15 +46,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "alloc-no-stdlib",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "alloca"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e5a7d05ea6aea7e9e64d25b9156ba2fee3fdd659e34e41063cd2fc7cd020d7f4"
-dependencies = [
- "cc",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "android_system_properties"
 version = "0.1.5"
@@ -106,7 +97,7 @@ version = "1.1.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "40c48f72fd53cd289104fc64099abca73db4166ad86ea0b4341abe65af83dadc"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.60.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -117,7 +108,7 @@ checksum = "291e6a250ff86cd4a820112fb8898808a366d8f9f58ce16d1f538353ad55747d"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
  "once_cell_polyfill",
- "windows-sys 0.60.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -188,7 +179,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-string",
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
- "criterion",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "half",
  "memmap2",
  "rand 0.9.4",
@@ -217,7 +208,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-schema",
  "chrono",
  "chrono-tz",
- "criterion",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "futures",
  "half",
  "hashbrown 0.17.0",
@@ -241,8 +232,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "async-stream",
  "bytes",
  "bzip2",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "crc",
- "criterion",
  "flate2",
  "futures",
  "half",
@@ -269,7 +260,7 @@ name = "arrow-buffer"
 version = "58.3.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
- "criterion",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "half",
  "num-bigint",
  "num-traits",
@@ -289,8 +280,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "atoi",
  "base64",
  "chrono",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "comfy-table",
- "criterion",
  "half",
  "insta",
  "lexical-core",
@@ -410,7 +401,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-schema",
  "arrow-select",
  "bytes",
- "criterion",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "flatbuffers",
  "lz4_flex",
  "memmap2",
@@ -432,7 +423,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow-select",
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
- "criterion",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "flate2",
  "futures",
  "half",
@@ -493,7 +484,7 @@ name = "arrow-schema"
 version = "58.3.0"
 dependencies = [
  "bitflags",
- "criterion",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "insta",
  "postcard",
  "serde",
@@ -940,12 +931,80 @@ dependencies = [
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "codspeed"
+version = "4.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7ce4a32373a5c84f4fa785099b300b9b1796311abc122b9eb62c65fa615145d"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "cc",
+ "colored",
+ "getrandom 0.2.17",
+ "glob",
+ "libc",
+ "nix",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "statrs",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "codspeed-criterion-compat"
+version = "4.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f5557c4e023f427ba208b849193c51c2ebd40534828490cd3f5f7f7fc0284ce5"
+dependencies = [
+ "clap",
+ "codspeed",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat-walltime",
+ "colored",
+ "futures",
+ "regex",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "codspeed-criterion-compat-walltime"
+version = "4.6.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "43ac19f0a5c3542301e9d011d658f93c3f550698ec8ba7d7c072692e7924c401"
+dependencies = [
+ "anes",
+ "cast",
+ "ciborium",
+ "clap",
+ "codspeed",
+ "criterion-plot",
+ "futures",
+ "is-terminal",
+ "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "num-traits",
+ "once_cell",
+ "oorandom",
+ "regex",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "tinytemplate",
+ "walkdir",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "colorchoice"
 version = "1.0.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1d07550c9036bf2ae0c684c4297d503f838287c83c53686d05370d0e139ae570"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "colored"
+version = "2.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "117725a109d387c937a1533ce01b450cbde6b88abceea8473c4d7a85853cda3c"
+dependencies = [
+ "lazy_static",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "comfy-table"
 version = "7.2.2"
@@ -1042,38 +1101,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "criterion"
-version = "0.8.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "950046b2aa2492f9a536f5f4f9a3de7b9e2476e575e05bd6c333371add4d98f3"
-dependencies = [
- "alloca",
- "anes",
- "cast",
- "ciborium",
- "clap",
- "criterion-plot",
- "futures",
- "itertools 0.13.0",
- "num-traits",
- "oorandom",
- "page_size",
- "regex",
- "serde",
- "serde_json",
- "tinytemplate",
- "walkdir",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "criterion-plot"
-version = "0.8.2"
+version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d8d80a2f4f5b554395e47b5d8305bc3d27813bacb73493eb1001e8f76dae29ea"
+checksum = "6b50826342786a51a89e2da3a28f1c32b06e387201bc2d19791f622c673706b1"
 dependencies = [
  "cast",
- "itertools 0.13.0",
+ "itertools 0.10.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1248,7 +1283,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "39cab71617ae0d63f51a36d69f866391735b51691dbda63cf6f96d042b63efeb"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1484,6 +1519,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasip3",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "glob"
+version = "0.3.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0cc23270f6e1808e30a928bdc84dea0b9b4136a8bc82338574f23baf47bbd280"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "h2"
 version = "0.4.14"
@@ -1538,6 +1579,12 @@ version = "0.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2304e00983f87ffb38b55b444b5e3b60a884b5d30c0fca7d82fe33449bbe55ea"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "hermit-abi"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc0fef456e4baa96da950455cd02c081ca953b141298e41db3fc7e36b1da849c"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "hex"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -1847,6 +1894,17 @@ version = "2.12.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d98f6fed1fde3f8c21bc40a1abb88dd75e67924f9cffc3ef95607bad8017f8e2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "is-terminal"
+version = "0.4.17"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3640c1c38b8e4e43584d8df18be5fc6b0aa314ce6ebf51b53313d4306cca8e46"
+dependencies = [
+ "hermit-abi",
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "is_terminal_polyfill"
 version = "1.70.2"
@@ -1855,9 +1913,9 @@ checksum = "a6cb138bb79a146c1bd460005623e142ef0181e3d0219cb493e02f7d08a35695"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
-version = "0.13.0"
+version = "0.10.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "413ee7dfc52ee1a4949ceeb7dbc8a33f2d6c088194d9f922fb8318faf1f01186"
+checksum = "b0fd2260e829bddf4cb6ea802289de2f86d6a7a690192fbe91b3f46e0f2c8473"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
 ]
@@ -2117,6 +2175,18 @@ version = "0.10.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1d87ecb2933e8aeadb3e3a02b828fed80a7528047e68b4f424523a0981a3a084"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "nix"
+version = "0.31.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cf20d2fde8ff38632c426f1165ed7436270b44f199fc55284c38276f9db47c3d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cfg_aliases",
+ "libc",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ntapi"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -2132,7 +2202,7 @@ version = "0.50.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7957b9740744892f114936ab4a57b3f487491bbeafaf8083688b16841a4240e5"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.60.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2277,16 +2347,6 @@ version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "7c87def4c32ab89d880effc9e097653c8da5d6ef28e6b539d313baaacfbafcbe"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "page_size"
-version = "0.6.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "30d5b2194ed13191c1999ae0704b7839fb18384fa22e49b57eeaa97d79ce40da"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot"
 version = "0.12.5"
@@ -2329,8 +2389,8 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "chrono",
  "clap",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "crc32fast",
- "criterion",
  "flate2",
  "futures",
  "half",
@@ -2379,7 +2439,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-schema",
  "chrono",
- "criterion",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "half",
  "indexmap",
  "num-traits",
@@ -2396,7 +2456,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "arrow",
  "arrow-schema",
  "chrono",
- "criterion",
+ "codspeed-criterion-compat",
  "half",
  "indexmap",
  "parquet-variant",
@@ -2958,7 +3018,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3222,7 +3282,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3a766e1110788c36f4fa1c2b71b387a7815aa65f88ce0229841826633d93723e"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
- "windows-sys 0.60.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3231,6 +3291,16 @@ version = "1.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6ce2be8dc25455e1f91df71bfa12ad37d7af1092ae736f3a6cd0e37bc7810596"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "statrs"
+version = "0.18.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2a3fe7c28c6512e766b0874335db33c94ad7b8f9054228ae1c2abd47ce7d335e"
+dependencies = [
+ "approx",
+ "num-traits",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
 version = "0.11.1"
@@ -3331,10 +3401,10 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32497e9a4c7b38532efcdebeef879707aa9f794296a4f0244f6f69e9bc8574bd"
 dependencies = [
  "fastrand",
- "getrandom 0.3.4",
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
  "once_cell",
  "rustix",
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3344,7 +3414,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "230a1b821ccbd75b185820a1f1ff7b14d21da1e442e22c0863ea5f08771a8874"
 dependencies = [
  "rustix",
- "windows-sys 0.60.2",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4018,7 +4088,7 @@ version = "0.1.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "c2a7b1c03c876122aa43f3020e6c3c3ee5c05081c9a00739faf7503aeba10d22"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 9a13149626e9..b11a405d7d4d 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ parquet-variant-compute = { version = "58.3.0", path = "./parquet-variant-comput
 
 chrono = { version = "0.4.40", default-features = false, features = ["clock"] }
 
-criterion = { version = "0.8.0", default-features = false }
+criterion = { package = "codspeed-criterion-compat", version = "4.6", default-features = false }
 
 insta = { version = "1.46.3", default-features = false }
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 7ea4205d56f5..a51477eca363 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 # Native Rust implementation of Apache Arrow and Apache Parquet
 
+[![CodSpeed](https://img.shields.io/endpoint?url=https://codspeed.io/badge.json)](https://codspeed.io/apache/arrow-rs?utm_source=badge)
+
 Welcome to the [Rust][rust] implementation of [Apache Arrow], a popular
 in-memory columnar format and [Apache Parquet], a popular columnar file
 format.
diff --git a/arrow-array/Cargo.toml b/arrow-array/Cargo.toml
index df102c32b0d0..cbe21350b33d 100644
--- a/arrow-array/Cargo.toml
+++ b/arrow-array/Cargo.toml
@@ -61,6 +61,11 @@ hashbrown = { version = "0.17.0", default-features = false }
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true
 
+[package.metadata.codspeed.benches]
+# Skipped on CodSpeed (read by .github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh):
+# currently fails at runtime. Fix the bench and remove this entry.
+union_array = { skip = true }
+
 [features]
 async = ["dep:futures"]
 ffi = ["arrow-schema/ffi", "arrow-data/ffi"]
diff --git a/arrow-cast/Cargo.toml b/arrow-cast/Cargo.toml
index 81649353d182..d3c9334f3135 100644
--- a/arrow-cast/Cargo.toml
+++ b/arrow-cast/Cargo.toml
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ bench = false
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true
 
+[package.metadata.codspeed.benches]
+# Skipped on CodSpeed (read by .github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh):
+# currently fails at runtime. Fix the bench and remove this entry.
+parse_date = { skip = true }
+
 [features]
 prettyprint = ["comfy-table"]
 force_validate = []
diff --git a/arrow/Cargo.toml b/arrow/Cargo.toml
index 8e56457ff0a5..b059afb628c7 100644
--- a/arrow/Cargo.toml
+++ b/arrow/Cargo.toml
@@ -60,6 +60,19 @@ half = { version = "2.1", default-features = false, features = ["rand_distr"], o
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true
 
+[package.metadata.codspeed.benches]
+# Per-bench CodSpeed config, read by .github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh.
+# `skip = true` drops the bench target from the CodSpeed matrix; these
+# currently panic/error at runtime, so fix the bench and remove its entry,
+# one at a time. (A per-bench `mode = "simulation" | "walltime"` could live
+# here too, once the workflow builds both measurement modes.)
+merge_kernels = { skip = true }
+buffer_bit_ops = { skip = true }
+buffer_create = { skip = true }
+sort_kernel = { skip = true }
+string_run_builder = { skip = true }
+primitive_run_accessor = { skip = true }
+
 [features]
 default = ["csv", "ipc", "json"]
 async = ["arrow-array/async"]
diff --git a/parquet-variant-compute/Cargo.toml b/parquet-variant-compute/Cargo.toml
index bcfb36b8710c..39a1403522cd 100644
--- a/parquet-variant-compute/Cargo.toml
+++ b/parquet-variant-compute/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,6 +27,11 @@ keywords = ["arrow", "parquet", "variant"]
 edition = { workspace = true }
 rust-version = { workspace = true }
 
+[package.metadata.codspeed.benches]
+# Skipped on CodSpeed (read by .github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh):
+# intermittently fails at runtime. Fix the bench and remove this entry.
+variant_kernels = { skip = true }
+
 [dependencies]
 arrow = { workspace = true, features = ["canonical_extension_types"] }
 arrow-schema = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/parquet/Cargo.toml b/parquet/Cargo.toml
index dd2c872ede50..4cee7cbd07b6 100644
--- a/parquet/Cargo.toml
+++ b/parquet/Cargo.toml
@@ -98,6 +98,11 @@ sysinfo = { version = "0.38.1", default-features = false, features = ["system"]
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true
 
+[package.metadata.codspeed.benches]
+# Skipped on CodSpeed (read by .github/workflows/codspeed-matrix.sh):
+# currently fails at runtime. Fix the bench and remove this entry.
+row_selection_cursor = { skip = true }
+
 [features]
 default = ["arrow", "snap", "brotli", "flate2-zlib-rs", "lz4", "zstd", "base64", "simdutf8"]
 # Enable lz4